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About the Journal

Superintended by：China North Industries Group Corporation Limited

Sponsoredy：Beijing Institute of Technology, Chinese Scoiety for Environmental Sciences, China Occupational Safety and Health Association

Edited & Published by: Editorial Department of Journal of Safety and Environment

Issues per year: 12

ISSN 1009-6094

CN 11-4537/X

Current Previous Issues Online First Citation Ranking Download Ranking

Issue 08,2025

Assessing the risks of mobilizing agents in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils: a case study of oxalic acid

CHEN Xiaochen;ZHANG Zengdi;WU Shiyu;LIU Xiaogang;YU Jianying;YAO Congcong;XU Jiayan;XU Huacheng;WEI Nan;

In this study, we investigated the application risks of oxalic acid, a classic mobilizing agent, by examining arsenic(As) fractionation/speciation, leachability, and oral bioavailability/bioaccessibility. Advanced methodologies, including the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and both in vivo and in vitro tests, were employed. The results revealed that oxalic acid significantly enhanced the mobility of arsenic in terms of fractionation. The proportion of labile arsenic(As) fractions, comprising the water-soluble and exchangeable fractions, increased by 1.85 times following mobilization. Concurrently, the combined proportion of amorphous and crystalline As was significantly reduced. This led to a marked increase in the ecological risk associated with soil As, with leachability rising by an average of 3.59 times. Notably, in both in vivo and in vitro tests, oxalic acid was found to reduce the health risks posed by arsenic. In the mouse model, oxalic acid significantly decreased the relative bioavailability of arsenic(As). Using the PBET-SHIME model, we observed that oxalic acid notably reduced As bioavailability during the colon phase. Additionally, oxalic acid inhibited the reduction of bioaccessible As(Ⅴ) and promoted the methylation of bioaccessible As(Ⅲ), which is associated with higher toxicity in colon fluid, thereby further mitigating health risks. The observed phenomena can primarily be attributed to the release of excessive metal components from the soil due to oxalic acid and the metabolism of oxalic acid by gut microbiota. Notably, consistent trends were observed across all soil samples following the application of oxalic acid, highlighting the generalizability of its effects on soil arsenic(As). In summary, as a typical low-molecular-weight organic acid, oxalic acid is highly recommended for the mobilization and remediation of As-contaminated soils. This study provides valuable scientific information for selecting mobilizing agents for As-contaminated soils and serves as a reference for risk control at remediation sites.

Issue 08 ,2025 v.25 ; 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1701800,2022YFC3702500); 国家自然科学基金项目(41807116); 福建省自然科学基金项目(2023J01418); 中国冶金地质总局科技创新项目(CMGBKY202301)
[Downloads: 77 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 9 ] PDF Cite this article

Mechanistic insights into the enhanced synergistic removal of composite heavy metals using modified zeolite in constructed wetlands

DONG Shuangshi;ZHANG Shousen;JIANG Jingjing;ZHAO Zhenhao;XU Mingqian;SUN Di;JIN Xiaoyu;

This study aims to develop an efficient and stable substrate material for artificial wetlands to treat copper-zinc composite heavy metal pollution in livestock wastewater. A nanoscale FeO/Fe₂O_3-biochar-modified zeolite(FeC/Z-1:2) was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The structural characteristics of the material were analyzed through SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS. The preparation process involved mixing zeolite granules with biochar powder in a 1 mol/L solution, followed by 1 h of ultrasonication. The pH of the mixture is adjusted to approximately 7 using aqueous ammonia while stirring at 350 r/min. The slurry is then aged at room temperature for 24 hours before being dried at 60 ℃. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various carrier types, substrate ratios, and dosages on the removal of Cu and Zn. Results showed that zeolite particles outperformed other carriers in removing Cu and Zn, attributed to their smaller particle size and larger specific surface area. When the biochar-to-zeolite ratio was set at 1:2, the removal efficiencies for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ at a concentration of 5 mg/L reached 94% and 100%, respectively. This performance was significantly superior to that achieved with nano-FeO/Fe₂O₃ or biochar alone. However, an excessive amount of biochar can hinder the exposure of active sites on nano-FeO/Fe₂O₃, leading to decreased removal rates. The optimal dosage of FeC/Z-1:2 for maximum Cu and Zn removal was determined to be 5 g. Mechanistic studies indicated that, firstly, the hydroxyl groups on the material's surface coordinate with metal ions to form metal hydroxide precipitates. Secondly, as the reaction progresses, Fe²⁺ is oxidized to Fe³⁺ and co-precipitates with heavy metal ions. These two processes synergistically contributed to the efficient removal of composite heavy metal pollution. Desorption experiments demonstrated that the material retains over 99.8% of heavy metals, indicating high environmental stability. This research offers new insights into the modification of artificial wetland substrates and presents a promising solution for addressing composite heavy metal pollution in livestock wastewater.

Issue 08 ,2025 v.25 ; 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3207704); 国家自然科学基金项目(52300088); 吉林省科技发展计划项目(20230402035GH); 吉林大学优秀青年培育计划项目(45124031D066)
[Downloads: 79 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 6 ] PDF Cite this article

Mechanisms of arsenic reduction and release from binary complex OM-As(Ⅴ) by arsenate-reducing bacteria

CAI Xiaolin;WU Min;LI Zejiao;WANG Pengfei;YIN Naiyi;CUI Yanshan;

Soil arsenic(As) contamination represents a significant global environmental challenge. One of the predominant forms of As in soil is the formation of binary complexes between arsenate [As(Ⅴ)] and soil organic matter(OM), referred to as OM-As(Ⅴ). However, the mobilization and transformation processes of As within this binary complex, particularly in the presence of As(Ⅴ)-reducing bacteria, remain poorly understood. In this study, the binary complex OM-As(Ⅴ) was incubated with a typical As(Ⅴ)-reducing bacterial strain, Desulfitobacterium sp. DJ-3, under anoxic conditions for 144 h. During the incubation period, samples were collected destructively at various time points. The reduction and release of OM-complexed As during this incubation were systematically analyzed using liquid-phase chemical analysis and synchrotron radiation techniques. The results demonstrated that strain DJ-3 significantly enhanced the release of As by 25% and its reduction by 67% in the OM-As(Ⅴ) complex. Linear Combination Fitting(LCF) of the As K-edge XANES spectra indicated that strain DJ-3 could directly reduce OM-complexed As(Ⅴ) to complexed As(Ⅲ). After 144 hours, 50% of the As was found in the form of the binary complex OM-As(Ⅲ), resulting in the release of a portion of complexed As(Ⅲ) as free As(Ⅲ). This study utilized synchrotron radiation to demonstrate that As(Ⅴ)-reducing bacteria can not only reduce free As(Ⅴ) but also directly convert the binary complex OM-As(Ⅴ) to OM-As(Ⅲ). Furthermore, it was observed that some of the OM-complexed As(Ⅲ) is released as free As(Ⅲ) following this reduction process. This process not only increases the concentration of As(Ⅲ) in the soil environment but also raises the risk of As contamination in groundwater. Collectively, this study elucidates, for the first time, the mechanisms of As release and reduction in the binary complex OM-As(Ⅴ) mediated by As(Ⅴ)-reducing bacteria. The findings provide a scientific foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the mobilization and transformation of As in soil. Additionally, strain DJ-3 was found to effectively release As from binary organic matter complexes, suggesting its potential application in the leaching and remediation of As-contaminated soils with high organic matter content.

Issue 08 ,2025 v.25 ; 国家自然科学基金项目(42477390,42107432)
[Downloads: 19 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 6 ] PDF Cite this article

Assessment of heavy metal pollution and source analysis in a typical ecological functional area of Chongqing City

YUE Rui;ZHANG Menglin;DUAN Jiahui;NING Mohuan;CHEN Xing;CHEN Guodong;

This study aims to analyze the status and sources of heavy metal pollution in the ecological functional areas of Chongqing, focusing on Shizhu County as the study area. To effectively investigate the content and distribution characteristics of heavy metals, a total of 5 716 topsoil samples, 100 rock samples, and 5 slag samples were collected for analysis. The pollution status of heavy metals in the study area was evaluated using the Nemero composite pollution index, the single factor pollution index, and the land accumulation index. Furthermore, both correlation analysis and the Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF) model were employed to identify the sources of heavy metals. The results indicated that, based on the risk screening values, the excess rates for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 0.062 5%, 28.24%, 0.09%, 0.4%, 0.185%, 1.8%, 0.055%, and 0, respectively, highlighting significant variability among these metals. In terms of spatial distribution, areas with high concentrations of heavy metals are primarily located in the Permian and Triassic strata in the western and eastern parts of the study area, suggesting that heavy metal enrichment is closely related to the geological composition. The single factor index evaluation revealed that 31.24% of the area was classified as slightly polluted, indicating poor environmental quality for Cd in the study area. The Nemero composite pollution index indicated that the soil environment was predominantly clean(68.68%) or slightly polluted(28.49%). Additionally, the land accumulation index showed pollution rates of 23.31% for Cd, 11.24% for As, and 10.85% for Hg, suggesting that Cd is accumulating within the study area. The PMF source identification revealed three main sources of heavy metals in the study area: natural sources, agricultural and traffic mixed sources, and industrial sources, which accounted for 47.83%, 25.37%, and 26.78%, respectively. The concentration of Cd in the soil correlated with the Cd content in the underlying rocks. Additionally, the levels of heavy metals in the slag surrounding industrial and mining enterprises were significantly higher than the average values for the study area. This further indicates that the enrichment of heavy metals is closely related to both the natural background levels and industrial activities. The evaluation and source analysis of heavy metal pollution indicated that Cd contamination from natural and industrial sources is particularly prominent, posing a greater risk. These findings offer valuable scientific guidance for soil pollution control and the sustainable development and utilization of land resources in the study area.

Issue 08 ,2025 v.25 ; 重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(2024NSCQ-MSX1996); 重庆市2022年度第一批地质矿产勘查服务项目(土地质量地质调查类)(21C01719)
[Downloads: 330 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 5 ] PDF Cite this article

Study on a novel modified chitosan-based heavy metal chelating agent for treating Cu²⁺ in water and soil

XING Bo;YANG Qing;ZHANG Siyang;JIANG Caiyi;ZHANG Fuping;YANG Guo;LI Min;CHEN Tingting;FU Chaoting;

This study presents a novel, cost-effective heavy metal chelator—dithiocarboxylate-functionalized polyaminoamide dendrimer(XCS-DTC)—synthesized from low-cost, readily available chitosan(CS) through a sequential modification process using chloroacetic acid(L) and carbon disulfide(CS₂). Comprehensive characterization utilizing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms confirmed the successful incorporation of abundant dithiocarboxyl functional groups(—S—CS^-_2) and demonstrated exceptional thermal stability. The material exhibited exceptional efficacy in sequestering copper ions(Cu²⁺) from both aqueous systems and contaminated soils, with residual Cu²⁺ concentrations quantified using UV-spectrophotometry. Key findings include the optimization of synthesis parameters through systematic analysis of structure-performance relationships: a molar ratio of n(CS):n(L):n(NaOH):n(CS₂) = 1:8:3:5, a reaction temperature of 30 ℃, a duration of 4 hours, and an operational pH range of 4-9. Under these conditions, XCS-DTC achieved a remarkable removal efficiency of 99.90% for aqueous Cu²⁺. Furthermore, XCS-DTC demonstrated superior chelation capacity compared to commercial agents such as Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate(SDD) and Na₂S. It maintained a 99.90% removal rate of Cu²⁺ under acidic conditions(pH = 4) in aqueous treatments. At a dosage of 5%, it effectively immobilized 99.90% of Cu²⁺ across exchangeable, reducible, and oxidizable fractions in contaminated soil. The resulting XCS-DTC-Cu chelates exhibited remarkable environmental stability. Accelerated leaching tests revealed minimal metal release: only 0.24% Cu²⁺ leaching after 32 hours in a pH = 3 solution, and just 0.10% leaching from solidified soil after 24 hours of exposure at pH = 5. These values significantly align with China's GB 18598—2019 solid waste landfill standards. While XCS-DTC demonstrates exceptional promise for heavy metal remediation, its long-term environmental implications warrant further investigation. Challenges include trace metal leaching from chelates and economic feasibility, with an estimated operational cost of approximately 110 CNY/ton for treating organic heavy metal wastewater. Future research should focus on conducting comprehensive lifecycle assessments that encompass production, deployment, and disposal phases, as well as developing cost-optimized synthesis protocols to facilitate industrial adoption.

Issue 08 ,2025 v.25 ; 四川省区域创新合作项目(2025YFHZ0312)
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Solution model for characteristic parameters of progressive collapse failure in high-steep rocky slopes of mines

WANG Feifei;REN Qingyang;JIANG Anmin;WU Kuan;MA Zeng;GUO Hanyang;

To quantitatively characterize the parameters that influence the progressive collapse failure of high-steep rocky slopes induced by underground mining unloading—specifically， surface crack depth， failure plane dip angle， and rock mass collapse angle—a theoretical solution model was constructed based on the limit equilibrium theory of progressive rock mass collapse. A set of theoretical equations for solving these characteristic parameters was derived and established. Additionally， a computational system for determining the progressive failure characteristic parameters of high-steep rocky slopes was developed using the MATLAB platform. This system effectively addresses the convergence issues inherent in the cyclic iterative solution process during limit equilibrium analysis. Using a representative engineering case study， the dynamic propagation depth of surface cracks， the dip angle of the failure plane， and the rock mass collapse angle were systematically determined for conditions involving layered orebody extraction. Furthermore， the spatiotemporal evolution of slope progressive failure under mining unloading actions was elucidated. The reliability of the theoretical solution model for the slope progressive collapse characteristic parameters and the developed computational program was verified through field investigation techniques. The research findings indicate that， within the mining depth range of 85–337 m， the surface crack depth ranges from 39.00 m to 39.23 m， the failure plane dip angle ranges from 52.82° to 54.08°， and the rock mass collapse angle ranges from 57.35° to 67.78°. The surface crack depth and failure plane dip angle exhibit a strong linear positive correlation with mining depth (R²>0.95). In contrast， the collapse angle decreases following a negative exponential function as mining depth increases. While the controlling effect of mining depth on surface crack depth is relatively weak， it exerts a significant regulatory influence on both the failure plane dip angle and the rock mass collapse angle. These findings reveal the intrinsic regulatory mechanism by which the depth of underground orebody mining influences the characteristic parameters of progressive slope collapse failure. Based on the research outcomes， a solution model for determining the failure characteristic parameters of slopes affected by mining was established， offering a computational framework for the stability evaluation of similar engineering slopes.

Issue ;
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Carbon emission accounting guidelines and data quality management strategies for urban construction

JIANG Lina;GAO Yafeng;JIANG Xinyan;LIU Chang;

This study examines the ongoing challenges of inconsistent carbon emission accounting rules and fragmented data quality management frameworks in China's urban construction sector， with the goal of establishing a solid foundation for accurate carbon emission measurement and effective policy implementation. By systematically analyzing the historical development and current status of China's carbon accounting systems， the research adopts a mixed-methods approach that combines literature reviews， regulatory document analysis， and comparative case studies across governmental and industrial standards. Key findings reveal structural deficiencies in the rule-making process， which are characterized by overlapping jurisdictional authorities (e.g.， National Development and Reform Commission， Ministry of Ecology and Environment)， ambiguous definitions of core metrics such as "comprehensive energy consumption" versus "energy consumption statistics，" and inconsistent adoption of international standards like the GHG Protocol and ISO 14064. These inconsistencies manifest in diverse accounting boundaries， particularly evident across the various stages of a building's lifecycle (material preparation， construction， operation， and demolition)， along with unreliable data sources ranging from meter readings to financial records. This results in non-comparable emission estimates across different regions and sectors. Furthermore， the lack of unified uncertainty quantification methodologies (e.g.， Monte Carlo analysis for complex scenarios) and inadequate oversight during rule formulation—characterized by truncated expert reviews and hasty policy interpretations—further exacerbate risks related to data reliability. To address these systemic issues， the study proposes an integrated management framework focusing on three key dimensions: (1) Institutional Innovation: Implementing credit-based mechanisms to penalize data tampering and enhance transparency through blockchain-enabled public dashboards. (2) Technical Standardization: Establishing tiered quantification indicators (primary/secondary metrics for different construction phases) and prioritizing data collection protocols that favor sensor-based monitoring over theoretical calculations. (3) Governance Restructuring: Promoting cross-departmental coordination platforms and deploying AI-driven real-time anomaly detection systems for improved oversight and decision-making. The framework is further reinforced by legislative amendments to clarify stakeholder responsibilities and periodic third-party audits in accordance with IPCC guidelines. These strategies collectively aim to address the dual challenges of regulatory fragmentation and operational opacity， ultimately supporting China's transition to verifiable low-carbon urbanization. Additionally， they contribute to global climate governance by providing methodologically consistent and auditable emission datasets.

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Simulation study of emergency rescue scenarios utilizing few-shot learning

ZHANG Jing;LIN Xianxuan;LI Zhengping;CAI Chuangxin;WANG Lijun;LI Xiaoxue;HAO Yuwen;PAN Zhigeng;

In the realm of aeromedical emergency rescue， current approaches for highly simulated disaster scenarios depend heavily on large-scale real datasets. However， the scarcity of such data and the high costs associated with its acquisition hinder the accurate modeling and digital reproduction of acute and critical care processes. To address the challenge of existing generative models that rely extensively on large datasets， this paper introduces an innovative few-shot learning framework known as the Faster Projected Generative Adversarial Network (FP GAN). This framework aims to facilitate efficient disaster scene simulation. The generator of the proposed framework utilizes Depth Separable Convolution (DSC) to effectively reduce computational complexity and accelerate training speed. Additionally， it incorporates a Skip-Layer Excitation (SLE) module to significantly enhance the structural consistency of high-resolution images. The effectiveness of both the DSC and SLE modules is validated through ablation tests. The application of DSC in the generator markedly improves training stability and efficiency. However， its use in the discriminator results in decreased classification accuracy， indicating that the structure is more sensitive to the discriminator. Consequently， DSC is applied exclusively within the generator. The discriminator， on the other hand， employs a multi-scale structure combined with a fixed stochastic projection module to enhance the stability and generalization ability of the image authenticity assessment. In this paper， comprehensive experiments are conducted on 14 publicly available few-shot datasets and 2 self-constructed disaster datasets (covering earthquakes and fires， with resolutions of 256² and 512). On multiple publicly available few-shot datasets， the model demonstrates improved training speed and memory efficiency， while the FID (Fréchet Inception Distance) metrics show a slight decrease or even improvement. On the self-constructed seismic scene dataset， the FP GAN model achieves significant improvements in both training speed and generation quality. It also demonstrates strong robustness under conditions of limited sample diversity and complex scene composition. Experimental results show that FP GAN outperforms mainstream generative models—including StyleGAN-ADA， Fast GAN， and P GAN—across multiple evaluation metrics， such as Frechet Inception Distance (FID)， Kernel Inception Distance (KID)， precision， and recall. To verify its practicality， this paper develops AISYS， a simulation platform based on the FP GAN framework and built on a B/S architecture. AISYS facilitates model deployment， parameter interactive adjustment， real-time visualization， and performance monitoring. The platform has been integrated into the aeromedical emergency training system， enabling dynamic scenario generation linked with flight missions and medical processes. Overall， FP GAN offers a robust and scalable solution for disaster simulation under few-shot conditions， presenting significant theoretical and practical value in public safety applications.

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Enhanced credibility FMECA risk analysis for remote tower systems

WANG Chao;ZHANG Zeyu;FENG Cun;HOU Ting;

To address the challenges of subjective bias and limited discriminative capacity in failure mode prioritization for remote digital tower system safety assessments， this study proposes an enhanced Failure Mode， Effects， and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) methodology. The framework incorporates three key improvements: fuzzy comprehensive evaluation， hybrid weighting， and linear interpolation. First， the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to quantify expert judgments through a nine-level linguistic scale， converting qualitative assessments into numerical membership matrices. This approach reduces subjectivity by aggregating evaluations from multiple experts. Second， a hybrid weighting strategy is employed， combining subjective weights derived from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with objective weights calculated using entropy theory. This balances expert insights with data-driven rigor. Third， linear interpolation refines the discrete Occurrence Probability Rating (OPR) classification， overcoming the granularity limitations present in traditional risk prioritization methods. Experimental validation on 26 typical failure modes demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the hybrid weighting strategy reduces severity ranking deviation by 18.6% compared to single-weight approaches， thereby enhancing the objectivity of criticality assessments. The linear interpolation method enhances intra-level discrimination for mid-tier OPR categories by 22.3%， effectively distinguishing between failure modes with similar occurrence probabilities. Key high-risk failure modes， such as panoramic image fusion delays and optical sensor lags， are identified as critical threats to system stability. Additionally， the optimized Risk Priority Number (RPN) model achieves a 34.8% improvement in prioritization accuracy， allowing for clearer differentiation of failure modes with overlapping risk scores in traditional FMECA. In conclusion， the improved FMECA framework systematically addresses the ambiguity and subjectivity inherent in conventional methods. By integrating fuzzy logic， hybrid weighting， and continuous probability scoring， it offers a more robust and granular risk assessment tool for complex systems such as remote digital towers. These advancements provide practical support for optimizing system design， maintenance strategies， and safety management， ultimately enhancing operational reliability in critical aviation infrastructure.

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Research on factors influencing driving avoidance in older drivers

GUO Fengxiang;HUANG Taohong;LI Juan;ZHOU Yiwen;HUANG Fang;LI Jingyang;CAI Jing;

To explore the influencing mechanism of driving avoidance behaviors among older drivers， to reveal their relationship with driving risks， and to enhance the traffic safety management level in an aging society， this study is based on the questionnaire survey data of older drivers. T-tests and correlation analysis are used to study the heterogeneity of driving avoidance behaviors among different older drivers. Linear regression analysis is employed to explore the relationship between older drivers' avoidance behaviors and driving scenarios. Additionally， a structural equation model is used to investigate the mechanism of older drivers' avoidance behaviors. The research results show that there are significant differences in driving avoidance behaviors among older drivers. Specifically， these differences are evident among drivers with different educational backgrounds. Older drivers with a bachelor's or associate's degree exhibit higher levels of driving avoidance compared to other groups. Regarding the health status of older drivers， those in good health have higher self-assessed driving abilities than those with weaker health. Older drivers with a history of illness or taking medication have higher levels of driving avoidance than healthy older drivers. When exploring the avoidance behaviors of older drivers in different driving scenarios， the study found that among 12 challenging driving scenarios， older drivers are most likely to adopt avoidance behaviors when driving at night. The analysis results of the structural equation model further reveal the mechanism of older drivers' avoidance behaviors. The model shows that individual factors such as the health status and driving ability of older drivers can affect their social support levels， which in turn influence their driving confidence. Specifically， improvements in health status and driving ability can enhance the social support older drivers receive， thereby boosting their driving confidence. Driving confidence has a significant negative impact on older drivers' avoidance behaviors， meaning that the higher the driving confidence of older drivers， the lower the probability of them adopting avoidance behaviors. The avoidance behavior of older drivers is driven by two pathways: individual physiology and social psychology. The research results provide a theoretical basis for formulating precise intervention strategies， which can help reduce the risk of traffic accidents among older drivers and improve the efficiency of traffic safety management.

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Study on the evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology

KUANG Qi-jun~1, MA Pei-ming~(1,2), HU Zheng-yu~1,ZHOU Guang-jie~(1,2)(1 Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; 2 Graduate School, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China)

The present paper aims to introduce the authors' research on the method of evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology. As a matter of fact, with the fast industrialization tendency, lake eutrophication in China is still getting more and more exacerbated for a number of reasons, both human activities and natural factors. Luckily, algae is one of the important organisms in lake eco-system, whose growth is favorable for metabolism and species constitution. In the paper, the authors give a general outline on the application of algae in biologica1 assessment on lake trophic status with detailed information about the indicator of algae in the water bodies of hypertrophication, eutrophication, mesotrophication and olipotrophication. In addition, an example for giving an algal growth potential test, and the corresponding AGP test results. In addition, the authors have also discussed some algal species diversity and synthesis indexes as well as their evaluated standards. In order to figure out the key problems on nutrients excess and algal overgrown in lake eutrophication, a brief introduction about the recent progress on the study of nutrients and algae removal, whose research results about the research field conducted by the authors are also given. In order to protect our lakes against the eutrophication, it is important to draw up a more detailed and functional management rules and regulations on water resources, to strengthen the ecological environment protection of valleys and water areas, and to prohibit strictly the discharge of the wastewater with high concentration of phosphorus and nitrogenous compounds into water bodies.

Issue 02 ,2005 ; 国家 8 63项目 (2 0 0 2 AA60 10 2 1) ;; 国家 973项目(2 0 0 2 CB412 3 0 9)
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Economic growth and its effects on carbon emission in China

WANG Zhong-ying 1,2,WANG Li-mao1(1 Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China)

This paper intends to present the authors' analysis of the relationship between the GDP growth and carbon emission in China today with the correlative analytical method(R2=0.958 1).The authors' conclusion is that the present economic development pattern mainly dependent on the investment and structural expansion of secondary industry has strong impact on the emission increase of greenhouse gas.The investment rate of China exceeds 35%-40% of GDP during the period of 1980 to 2003,which is higher than other countries.As a result,China has brought about tremendous development of its heavy industry with ever increasing consumption of energy resources.Such a consequence,on the one hand,has led to higher proportion of secondary industry to the whole macro-economy(over 50%).On the other hand,its energy consumption has to be dependent heavily on coal(over 60%),which emits large amounts of gases than oil or natural gas.Thus,it will be inevitable to consume more energy and increase the emission of greenhouse gases in future.However,under the background of globalization,our economic growth should depend more on technological improvement,scientific and institutional innovation.With the high efficient use of renewable energy and environment-friendly technology,China can and is sure to make contributions to global efforts to prevent global warming.Therefore,it can be predicted that the carbon emission intensity will gradually slow down with the economic development and the adjustment of its industrial structural system.

Issue 05 ,2006 ; 中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-SW-01-18);; 国家自然科学基金项目(70473103)
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Cd, Zn and Se content of the polished rice samples from some Chinese open markets and their relevance to food safety

ZHEN Yan-hong, CHENG Yan-jun, PAN Gen-xing, LI Lian-qing(Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

This paper is aimed at reporting its investigation over the content of heavy metals in different sorts of rice so far available on the Chinese markets by sampling 91 sorts of rice including 47 of Japonica and 44 of Indica. The motive of our research is closely related to the health hazards due to food exposure for Chinese people. It is well known that rice has been a predominant diet source in our country. The samples of ours have just been randomly chosen from some open markets over China in 2005. Their respective content rates of Cd, Zn and Se are then determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) individually with the mutual relationship among these elements analyzed. The results of our investigation show that about 10% of the samples had a Cd content beyond the State Food Security Standards (0.2 mg·kg-1), while 70% of the above samples is likely to exert potential health hazards due to the exposure of Cd if the RfD ( USEPA, 2000) value is taken as a reference. In addition, the content levels of Zn and Se in the rice samples prove generally rather low, failing to meet the health need regulation through the regular dietary intake. On the other hand, it is found from our research that there indeed exists positive correlation between the content of Cd and that of Zn, as well as between Se content and that of Zn ratio, which indicates a slight accumulation of Zn in relation to Cd and Se. However, on the whole, 90% of the rice samples has a lower Cd/Zn ratio than the critical value of 0.015 proposed by the American standard. In addition, samples with high Cd content may not be necessarily beyond the regular high Cd/Zn ratio. The fact is that the rice samples of Indica may imply much higher Cd and Se content level than that of Japonica, with the former suggesting a far higher Cd exposure hazard than the latter. Therefore, the present research can be used as a valuable reference to further studies for the potential effects of the toxic heavy metal content in rice on the human health as well as their relation to the soil-crop-food security.

Issue 01 ,2008 No.43 ; 教育部高等学校博士点专项研究基金项目(B200613)
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TECHNOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF PHYTOREMEDIATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

ZHOU Qi xing & SONG Yu fang (Open Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China)

As a safe and reliable technology for treating contamination of soil, phytoremendiation is explored in the present paper.The roots of special plants and their special rhizospheric effects through releasing natural organic matter to promote the degradation of organic pollutants and stabilization of heavy metals are emphasized.The processes of the degradation of organic pollutants by the plants are illustrated and summarized as the biodegrading processes of rhizospheres,the interactions between roots and leaves and pollutants,the excretive processes of polutants by roots and leaves,the hydroxylating processes of plants and the enzyme oxidation degradation.The relationships between types and concentrations of pollutants and metabolic degradation,action of plant cellular structure are also discussed in the present paper.Some of ecological factors influencing the security and the validity of phytoremediation are disussed.For example,plant roots and their enzyme systems,activity of soil microorganisms,soil types and physiochemical properties and climate conditions.Finally,the view of the application and the developmnt of phytoremediation,and the problems to be solved during the development of phytoremediation are pointed out.

Issue 03 ,2001 ; 中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目 (ZKCX- 4 0 1 );; “污染生态化学”百人计划资助项目
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Common factors leading to accidents and behavior type research based on prevention

FU Gui, LI Xuandong, LI Jun(School of Resources and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

This paper is focused on the study of the accidental common causes leading to accidents and the corresponding accident prevention strategy. At the very beginning of this paper, the authors introduces a few basic principles for safety science proposed by Heinrich and other safety scientists, (i.e.,) all the accidents have their own leading factors, which may be either the unsafe conditions or unsafe behaviors or the both. And the frequency of the accidents changes with its severity within an “accident triangle”. The first aim of this paper is to find all the common factors leading to the accidents. According to the basic principles, the author has categorized analytically and statistically all the factors discovered into 10 major classes as to the gas explosion accidents that have occurred in China's mines during 20002001. Then, we conclude that worker's unsafe working habits have been the main cause for the accidents. Then the authors examined a medical accident that was caused by spoiling children and a severe food poisoning involving 367 students, and the other two accidents caused due to the lack of safety knowledge and safety awareness. Based on the above statistics, the authors summarized all the common factors leading to the various accidents, which can be sequentially ordered as unsafe habit, lack of safety knowledge and safety awareness. Among the three, unsafe condition or unsafe behavior can be put together as one, with the other two being different by nature. As to the second aim of this paper, the author categorized a 3-level factor, that is, the safety management frame, the safety climate survey, and the behavior-based safety programs in the across-industry accident prevention map. And finally, the authors introduced some leading edge progress of the key elements in the prevention map in practical cases, such as Wilton-Olefines case and DuPont case for reader's information. The most important conclusion of this paper is that all the accidents share common factors. To fight against all the accidents, a common prevention strategy (map) can be developed with the key elements of the map developed and supplied by reference to that popularly used in some European and North American countries.

Issue 01 ,2005 ;
[Downloads: 2,279 ] [Citations: 298 ] [Reads: 79 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

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Summary of research on account of carbon emission in building industry and analysis of its influential factors

LI Xiao-dong;ZHU Chen;

This paper is aimed at making a review of the recent research situation in-situ on the carbon emission( CE) account and analysis of the influential factors( IFs) through summing up the applications and relevant analysis methods. And,then,a brief review has to be made on the research status and trends of the aforementioned aspects in the field of building industry so as to provide references for further studies on the energy conservation and carbon emission reduction. To achieve the above mentioned purposes,the paper of ours has briefly introduced 3 general methods of CE accounting especially by highlighting the accounting manner of the single building CE and macro-building embodiment and operational CE. The CE accounting method for the individual building evaluation should be mainly done on the basis of the framework of the life cycle assessment,e. g. BEES,ENVEST and BEPAS. And,in regard to the macroscopic features,it would be possible for us to classify or categorize the accounting ideas of building embodiment and operational CE into methods of top-down approach and bottom-up one with their differences being illustrated. The bottom-up approach seems to be more detailed,visible as well as accurate or precise,yet,it is more complex and complicated to fulfil their calculations and acquire a lot of data investigations. On the contrary,the topdown approach just goes opposite by nature. In terms of CE-IFs analysis,there can be found 3 main types of methods( i. e.IPAT series model,index decomposition analysis and the structural decomposition analysis). And,we have also illustrated and elaborated their advantages,disadvantages as well as the application procedures in addition to a vivid comparison. Focusing on the building of CE IFs,we have also summarized a few key issues in this way:( 1) The research scopes can be mainly focused on the CE/IFs of the building industry or the building operations;( 2) The model of IPAT series has been widely adopted in combination with LMDI;( 3) The key IFs are mainly related to the society,economics and building operations. Thus,in final analysis,the paper has mainly illustrated the drawbacks of the current studies and presented prospects for their further research in 3 aspects: building CE accounting scope, the accounting methodologies and perspectives of IFs analysis.

Issue 01 ,2020 v.20;No.115 ; 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0704400)
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LIGHT POLLUTION AND PREVENTION COUNTERMEASURES

WANG Ya-jun (State Key Lab of Prevention and Control of Explosion Disasters, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

The present paper aims to introduce the problem of light pollution. Light pollution is a new kind of environmental pollution, with the development of industrialization and civilization. It could be classified into three types, white light pollution, artificial daylight, and colorful light pollution. Light pollution is harmful to people's health, and it could disrupt ecology, increase the traffic accident, disturb the astronomical observation, bring much trouble to people's life, and waster energy. It is necessary to take measures to prevent the problems caused by light pollution. To build relative laws and regulations, to strengthen constructive layout and management are the good solutions and suggestions.

Issue 01 ,2004 ;
[Downloads: 5,738 ] [Citations: 67 ] [Reads: 55 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Study on the evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology

Issue 02 ,2005 ; 国家 8 63项目 (2 0 0 2 AA60 10 2 1) ;; 国家 973项目(2 0 0 2 CB412 3 0 9)
[Downloads: 5,471 ] [Citations: 671 ] [Reads: 93 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Economic growth and its effects on carbon emission in China

Characteristics and mechanism of road traffic accidents

GAO Yinan;GONG Jianqiang;

To study the characteristics and mechanism of road traffic accidents, the cause, form, time, perpetrator, motor vehicle, casualties, and other characteristics were analyzed based on the data of 1.09 million road traffic accidents in 2015-2019, and then causative factors of road traffic accidents were abstracted. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL) method was used to calculate the correlation of complex system, and the influence degree, affected degree, cause degree, and center degree of causative factors were calculated to determine the impact of each causative factor on the formation of road traffic accidents. A hierarchical structure diagram of causing factors of road traffic accidents was established. The mechanism and essential causative factors of road traffic accidents were obtained theoretically. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and causes of road traffic accidents, suggestions on road traffic safety management in line with national conditions were proposed. 86.29% of the accidents were caused by motor vehicle violations. Among them, failure to give way according to regulations was the main reason, illegal loading was a high-risk factor, and speeding accidents were frequent and harmful. 70.21% of the accidents were multi-vehicle accidents. Side impact was a high-frequency accident form, and falling and rolling were high-risk accident forms. 17:00-19:59 was the accident-prone period. 3:00-5:59 was the period of high injury accidents. Accidents caused by production and operation vehicles were accompanied by high hazards, among which tourism passenger transport, transport of dangerous chemicals, and general freight transport caused the highest degree of damage. Pedestrians were more vulnerable to fatal injuries and men were more likely to be injured than women in accidents. 77.38% of the fatal causes of accidents were brain injuries. 3.63% of the motor vehicles involved in accidents had mechanical failures, the probability of poor braking was the highest, and the danger of excessive tire wear was the greatest. The analysis results of the mechanism show that speeding, overloaded transportation, insufficient technology or lagging standards and regulations are the essential factors. These factors can be used as key points to reduce accident risk.

Issue 11 ,2023 v.23 ; 交通运输部公路科学研究所(院)科技创新专项资金项目(2018-D0007,2019-I401)
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Assessing the risks of mobilizing agents in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils: a case study of oxalic acid

Mechanistic insights into the enhanced synergistic removal of composite heavy metals using modified zeolite in constructed wetlands

Mechanisms of arsenic reduction and release from binary complex OM-As(Ⅴ) by arsenate-reducing bacteria

Assessment of heavy metal pollution and source analysis in a typical ecological functional area of Chongqing City

Study on a novel modified chitosan-based heavy metal chelating agent for treating Cu²⁺ in water and soil

Solution model for characteristic parameters of progressive collapse failure in high-steep rocky slopes of mines

Carbon emission accounting guidelines and data quality management strategies for urban construction

Simulation study of emergency rescue scenarios utilizing few-shot learning

Enhanced credibility FMECA risk analysis for remote tower systems

Research on factors influencing driving avoidance in older drivers

Study on the evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology

Economic growth and its effects on carbon emission in China

Cd, Zn and Se content of the polished rice samples from some Chinese open markets and their relevance to food safety

TECHNOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF PHYTOREMEDIATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

Common factors leading to accidents and behavior type research based on prevention

Summary of research on account of carbon emission in building industry and analysis of its influential factors

LIGHT POLLUTION AND PREVENTION COUNTERMEASURES

Study on the evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology

Economic growth and its effects on carbon emission in China

Characteristics and mechanism of road traffic accidents

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