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About the Journal

Superintended by：China North Industries Group Corporation Limited

Sponsoredy：Beijing Institute of Technology, Chinese Scoiety for Environmental Sciences, China Occupational Safety and Health Association

Edited & Published by: Editorial Department of Journal of Safety and Environment

Issues per year: 12

ISSN 1009-6094

CN 11-4537/X

Current Issue Archive Online First Most Cited Most Download

Issue 11,2025

Rapid assessment of seismic resilience in substation systems using machine learning

WANG Kaige;ZHENG Shansuo;YANG Feng;ZHOU Lin;TIAN Qi;CAI Guowei;

This study tackles the computational inefficiency of Monte Carlo(MC) simulations in evaluating substation system resilience. We propose a machine learning-based approach for the rapid assessment of seismic resilience in substations. In this framework, the substation is modeled as a topological network that integrates both structural and functional units. Additionally, we analyze the correlation between physical damage to electrical equipment and the occurrence of cascading failures within the substation. Service path information was captured using transitive closure, and uncertainties in equipment recovery times were incorporated into the modeling process. To expedite the MC simulations, a surrogate modeling approach was introduced. The functional assessment was reformulated as a multi-class classification problem, considering physical-functional constraints. Support Vector Machine(SVM) and logistic regression models were developed to map the damage function and predict system performance. Stochastic damage scenarios, incorporating uncertainties in equipment failures, were constructed as feature inputs. Supervised learning was then conducted using eleven discrete operational states of the substation as training labels to train the surrogate model. The method was validated on a 220 kV double-bus electrical main connection system. The results indicate that the system resilience index converges once the sample size of damage-function states reaches 3 000. The linear kernel SVM and logistic regression models were trained using 5 000 sample sets under varying Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA) conditions, achieving prediction accuracies of 96.6% and 96.9%, respectively. The trained surrogate models were then applied to the resilience assessment, showing that the robustness and recovery time distributions of the substation under different PGAs closely match those obtained from MC simulations. The resilience deviations remained below 0.009, thereby validating the reliability of the proposed method. Additionally, a comparative analysis of time complexity reveals that the Warshall algorithm requires O(n³) for an n-node system, while the time complexity of the surrogate model, relying on linear kernel SVM or logistic regression during prediction, operates at O(n). This demonstrates the computational efficiency of the proposed method. The results confirm that this approach significantly enhances the efficiency of substation resilience assessment without compromising accuracy.

Issue 11 ,2025 v.25 ;
[Downloads: 256 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 16 ] PDF Cite this article

Research on the combined application of text mining and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in risk assessment

XIU Changkai;LIU Guoan;XIAO Peng;BAI Ning;MA Xiaoshan;

To accurately identify the key risk factors in building construction, this paper proposes a two-phase risk assessment model that combines text mining and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, tailored to the specific characteristics of the construction industry. In the first phase, text data from hidden danger investigations during building construction are classified according to the type of hazard.Each identified hazard is then weighted using a danger evaluation method to determine its risk weight. Next, the weighted text data is analyzed using data mining techniques with VOSviewer text mining software. A co-occurrence network diagram of keywords related to the problematic hidden dangers is constructed, and preliminary risk assessment results are obtained. However, there are limitations to relying on a single method: on one hand, the data from hidden danger investigations during construction are often incomplete; on the other hand, risk assessment results derived solely from problematic hazard data lack both systematization and foresight. Therefore, in the second phase, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP) is introduced to refine and adjust the preliminary risk assessment results by incorporating expert opinions. This approach analyzes the risk weights of factors in both the primary and secondary indicator layers within the construction risk assessment system. The risk weights of secondary indicators are synthesized and normalized to obtain optimized risk assessment results. Additionally, an intuitive network diagram of risk category co-occurrence and a risk category density map are constructed to enhance the visualization and comprehensiveness of the assessment. This study compares the risk weights of secondary indicator factors before and after optimization and validates the feasibility of the proposed model through case analysis. The primary contribution of this research lies in integrating multiple methods and strengthening the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. This approach addresses the limitations of text mining, such as incomplete risk factor data and the inability of simple word frequency statistics to accurately reflect real risk levels. Simultaneously, it overcomes the shortcomings of expert scoring, which often lacks empirical data support. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for risk assessment in building construction.

Issue 11 ,2025 v.25 ;
[Downloads: 713 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 17 ] PDF Cite this article

Study on the evolution of coal mine gas explosion risk from the perspective of safety information loss

CHENG Lianhua;JIANG Meng;GUO Huimin;ZHU Wenyu;

This paper analyzes 65 gas explosion accidents to investigate the occurrence and frequency of safety information loss risk factors in coal mine gas explosions. It evaluates the transmission process of safety information and its loss at various stages. The study utilized a questionnaire method to gather foundational data and employed Pearson's correlation coefficient to assess the relationship between the importance of risk factors and their actual frequency. A comprehensive correlation was achieved by weighting these two dimensions. By integrating the results of correlation mining as edge weights and applying complex network theory, a risk evolution weighted network for safety information loss in gas explosions has been constructed. The static topological characteristics of this network, including node degree, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality, were analyzed to identify key risk factors. Additionally, a cascading failure model was developed to simulate the risk evolution of each node within the network, allowing for the identification of critical nodes and their corresponding risk evolution paths. The results indicate that:(1) The loss of safety information at various stages, such as the absence or error of original information, the distortion of original information into carrier information, the abnormal perception and understanding deviation by the information recipient, and untimely responses or execution errors, can lead to gas explosion accidents. The frequency of risk factors during the stages of safety information execution loss and safety information cognition loss is notably higher, accounting for 28.08% and 21.59%, respectively. These stages represent vulnerable links in the safety information transmission process.(2) A strong correlation exists between the risk factors of gas explosion accidents, with 99 corresponding strong correlations identified. The topological characteristics at the node level of the risk evolution network were analyzed, revealing the comprehensive values of key risk nodes as follows: personnel safety awareness(0.640), production operation compliance(0.638), personnel certification status(0.621), labor discipline compliance(0.536), and the occurrence of friction and electric sparks(0.524). These nodes exhibit significantly higher topological characteristics in the stages of cognition and execution loss compared to other stages of information loss.(3) In the key risk evolution path, the occurrence of friction and electric sparks, control of gas overrun situations, production operation compliance, production command compliance, and the safety awareness level of personnel are prominently featured across all risk evolution paths. These findings align with the key risk factors identified through the analysis of the network's static topological characteristics. These nodes are critical in the evolution of risks and play a significant role in the overall safety of the system.

Issue 11 ,2025 v.25 ;
[Downloads: 423 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 15 ] PDF Cite this article

Impact of H_2S on the adsorption of CH₄, CO₂, and N₂ in gas-fat coal

ZENG Mingrong;LU Dongxiang;ZHOU Xihua;BAI Gang;BAI Qihui;

Investigating the influence of hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) on gas adsorption characteristics is crucial for the effective management of H_2S in coal seams that contain this compound. This study employed Grand Canonical Monte Carlo(GCMC) simulations using Material Studio software to explore the adsorption behaviors of Jixi(JX) gas-fat coal toward single-component gases(H_2S, CH₄, CO₂, N₂) as well as binary-component gas mixtures(H_2S/CH₄, H_2S/CO₂, H_2S/N₂). Molecular models of JX coal, with varying H_2S proportions(ranging from 0 to 2.0%), were developed to assess its impact on the adsorption of CH₄, CO₂, and N₂. The results revealed significant differences in the adsorption capacities of the gases: H_2S exhibited the highest adsorption capacity, followed by CO₂, CH₄, and N₂. As the temperature increased from 273.15 K to 333.15 K, the adsorption amounts of H_2S, CH₄, CO₂, and N₂ decreased by 5.13%, 22.62%, 14.88%, and 29.15%, respectively. These findings confirm that temperature has the least impact on H_2S adsorption, while it exerts the greatest influence on N₂, which is primarily governed by physical adsorption. In binary-component competitive adsorption scenarios, H_2S exhibited preferential adsorption behavior, with its saturated adsorption capacity approximately 10.28 times higher than that of CH₄, 12.55 times greater than that of N₂, and 1.77 times higher than that of CO₂. At a pressure of 20 MPa, the presence of H_2S(ranging from 0 to 2.0%) reduced the adsorption capacities of CH₄, CO₂, and N₂ by 24.77%, 18.66%, and 21.90%, respectively, with CO₂ adsorption being the least affected. The interaction energies between CH₄/N₂ and coal were primarily governed by van der Waals forces, while CO₂ interactions involved both van der Waals and electrostatic forces. The results demonstrate that the presence of H_2S significantly reduces the adsorption performance of the adsorbate gases CH₄, CO₂, and N₂. This study offers valuable insights for developing effective H_2S control strategies in coalbed gas exploitation.

Issue 11 ,2025 v.25 ;
[Downloads: 284 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 16 ] PDF Cite this article

Engineering application study of CO_2-N₂ composite inert gas for prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion in goaf

WU Chunlei;SHI Bobo;XUE Yong;GUO Qingxu;

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the CO_2-N₂ composite inert gas for effectively suppressing coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf of the 2301 fully mechanized caving face at Yangcheng Coal Mine. Three distinct gas injection methods were tested:(1) N₂ injection: ground-based membrane separation units(DM-2000 and DM-1000) generated N₂ with a purity of >97%, offering adjustable flow rates between 1 000-2 000 m³/h.(2) Gaseous CO₂ injection: liquid CO₂ was vaporized using an EDM-1000 system, achieving a flow rate of 700-1 000 m³/h with 100% purity.(3) CO_2-N₂ composite gas injection: a gas compounder mixed N₂ and CO₂ in a 4:6 ratio, achieving a total flow rate of 1 300-1 500 m³/h(CO₂: 520-600 m³/h, N₂: 780-900 m³/h). A portable sensor detection method was utilized to measure the gas volume fraction in the return air corner and the return air flow. The results indicated that merely increasing the N₂ flow rate(for example, from 800 m³/h to 2 000 m³/h) was often inadequate to lower the CO volume fraction in the return air and return air corners below the safe threshold. Pure CO₂ injection effectively reduced the CO volume fraction to below 24×10^-6 within 10 days. However, the CO_2-N₂ composite inert gas demonstrated superior performance, lowering the CO volume fraction in the return air corner to below 24×10^-6 within just 5 days—50% faster than pure CO₂. This enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergistic mechanism of rapid N₂ diffusion and deep CO₂ penetration, which optimized the suppression effect. Safety assessments revealed that the maximum CO₂ volume fraction in the return airflow during composite gas injection was 0.67%, significantly lower than the 1.12% observed with pure CO₂, thus meeting China's safety standard of <1.5%. The economic analysis revealed a 30.35% cost reduction when using the CO_2-N₂ composite gas compared to pure CO₂, driven by optimized gas ratios and decreased CO₂ consumption. These findings validate the technical feasibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness of CO_2-N₂ composite gas as a viable solution for fire prevention in goaf under similar mining conditions.

Issue 11 ,2025 v.25 ;
[Downloads: 283 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 15 ] PDF Cite this article

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Immersive VR visualization of urban building explosion accident consequences

CHEN Dongping;MA Jinyu;

To tackle the challenges associated with visualizing and characterizing the consequences of explosions， this study introduces an immersive visualization and damage detection framework utilizing 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies. This framework reconstructs accident scenes with high fidelity from multi-view images， providing a robust foundation for multi-scale damage assessment and interactive visualization. The system begins by employing Structure from Motion (SfM) to process unordered image sets， estimate camera poses， and generate sparse point clouds. A 3DGS model is subsequently constructed and optimized using differentiable rendering and adaptive density control， ensuring an accurate representation of both geometric structures and surface textures. The pre- and post-explosion models are converted into point clouds for comparative analysis. At the structural level， bidirectional nearest-neighbor matching utilizing Euclidean distance quantifies structural deformation， while at the texture level， color feature distances are employed to identify surface damage. The results of this analysis are then mapped back onto the 3DGS model， producing a three-dimensional visualization that highlights explicit damage features. For implementation， a VR interaction platform was developed using the Unity engine， compatible with PICO 4 headsets. GPU-accelerated compute shaders significantly enhance the rendering efficiency of large-scale Gaussian distributions， achieving real-time performance at 286 frames per second. In the VR environment， users can freely navigate scenes， toggle between pre- and post-explosion states， and conduct model alignment， area selection， and real-time quantitative analysis using handheld controllers. Experimental validation was performed on a single-story reinforced concrete test building， where a GoPro 11 camera captured 313 pre-explosion images and 498 post-explosion images. The reconstructed models effectively captured both the intact structural morphology and the post-explosion damage patterns. Quantitative comparisons revealed that the system accurately identified structural deformation and surface damage， with damage quantification errors remaining below 10.5%. These results address the limitations of conventional two-dimensional visualization， significantly enhancing the precision and immersion of explosion consequence analysis. Moreover， this approach offers an innovative methodology for accident investigation and safety assessment.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2025-12-11 15:54:54 ;
[Downloads: 7 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Research of three-wavelength fire smoke detection based on extinction coefficient ratio

WANG Haibin;BO Zonghao;WANG Luyao;LI Jinhao;LIU Quanyi;

This paper introduces a three-wavelength fire smoke detection model that utilizes extinction coefficient ratios. The primary objective is to reduce the high false alarm rate in aircraft cargo hold smoke detection systems， which is often exacerbated by interference from dust， water vapor， and other contaminants. By comparing the optical properties of fire smoke particles with those of interfering aerosols， a specialized three-wavelength fire smoke detection platform was developed and tested in a simulated aircraft cargo hold at the Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering. Comprehensive tests were performed on smoldering fires， open-flame fires， and various interference sources， with each scenario replicated three times for accuracy. The extinction coefficient ratio across the red， green， and blue light bands was chosen as the key fire characteristic parameter. Utilizing the Lambert-Beer absorption law， we analyzed differential light absorption across these bands by various aerosols， alongside variations in extinction efficiency factors based on size parameters under Mie scattering theory. This theory posits that small smoke particles exhibit decreasing extinction efficiency as the incident wavelength increases， while larger interference particles approach an extinction efficiency of 2. To facilitate detection， a characteristic parameter library centered on extinction coefficient ratios was developed. By measuring the optical power attenuation of smoke particles across the three light bands， we established a feature parameter library focused on these ratios. We selected values with relative standard deviations below 5% to create a comprehensive database of ratio relationships， enabling effective differentiation between fire smoke particles and interfering aerosols. Four primary conclusions emerged from the experiments: (1) Smoldering smoke particle characteristics: The diameter of smoldering smoke particles is relatively small and approaches the wavelength of the incident light used in this study. Consequently， the extinction efficiency factor， which reflects the relative strength of long-wavelength versus short-wavelength absorption in smoke particles， decreases as the wavelength increases. In contrast， aerosol particles from interference sources are significantly larger than the incident light's wavelength. For these particles， the extinction efficiency factor approaches 2 and remains stable， leading to a higher extinction coefficient ratio (R_{635 nm/450 nm}) for interference source aerosols compared to smoldering smoke particles. (2) Open-flame smoke properties: Open-flame smoke is characterized by incompletely combusted carbon black particles that primarily absorb light. This results in an extinction coefficient ratio that differs markedly from those of smoldering smoke and interference source aerosols， facilitating the elimination of open-flame interference in initial assessments. Subsequent analysis of the extinction coefficient ratios allows for distinguishing between smoldering smoke and interference aerosols. Each test group was replicated three times， and the implementation of a discrimination system based on extinction coefficient ratio values with a Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of less than 5% proved effective in enhancing differentiation accuracy. (3) Identification of interference sources and fire types: By analyzing extinction coefficient ratios across three distinct wavelengths (635 nm， 532 nm， and 450 nm)， it is possible to identify various interference sources， open flames， and smoldering fires. Specifically， when the ratio of extinction coefficients at 635 nm and 532 nm falls between 0.70 and 0.89， paraffin oil is identified as the interference source. If the R_{532 nm/450 nm} extinction coefficient ratio ranges from 1.15 to 1.68， a fine water mist is indicated as the interference source. By combining specific extinction coefficient ratios， interference sources like fine water mist and paraffin oil can be initially ruled out， followed by differentiation between open flame and smoldering smoke types. An R_{635 nm/450 nm} exceeding 1.42 suggests open-flame smoke， while a value below 1.12 indicates smoldering smoke. This specific ratio can then be utilized to ascertain whether the smoke originates from a smoldering or open flame. (4) Limitations and Future Optimizations: This study was conducted under standard ambient conditions (i.e.， room temperature and pressure) and did not account for extreme environments， such as low pressure (e.g.， 60 kPa) or low temperatures found in aircraft cargo holds. Additionally， the long-term stability of the detector during continuous operation has yet to be verified. Further optimization of the model based on actual cargo hold conditions is necessary.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2025-12-10 10:53:37 ;
[Downloads: 12 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Analysis of temperature and displacement field evolution during the freezing method construction for interbedded silt connecting passages

ZHU Min;LIU Lü;WU Weixing;YUAN Gang;HUANG Chaoqun;OUYANG Yuanping;ZHAO Wenbo;CHENG Hongzhan;

This paper focuses on the freezing construction project of the connection tunnel in the Jinhou section of the Wuhan Metro Line 12 connection line. Using ABAQUS software， a three-dimensional numerical model of the freezing construction method for the tunnel was developed. Numerical simulation techniques were applied to investigate the evolution patterns of temperature fields and displacement fields during the active freezing period， maintenance excavation period， and natural thawing period of the construction process. Additionally， a parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted. By monitoring temperature changes at the weak points of the freezing curtain， it was observed that during the active freezing period， the average temperature of the 2 m freezing wall reached -10 ℃after 30.5 days. The rate of temperature decrease in the freezing wall progressively diminished as freezing time increased. Additionally， an analysis of displacement changes along various paths revealed that during the active freezing period， the maximum upward frost heave displacement at the arch crown was 39.9 mm， while the maximum downward frost heave displacement at the invert measured -24.1 mm. Furthermore， the ground surface uplift displayed an inverted U-shaped distribution， with the maximum uplift at the center reaching 14.1 mm. During the freezing excavation period， the maximum settlement displacement at the crown was measured at -20.4 mm， while the maximum uplift displacement at the invert reached 55.3 mm， and the maximum surface settlement was recorded at -3.6 mm. During the natural thawing period， the surface thawing settlement displayed a "U-shaped" distribution， with the maximum thawing settlement at the center measuring -9.5 mm. Additionally， the parameter sensitivity analysis indicated that as the refrigerant temperature decreases and thermal conductivity increases， the time required for the average temperature of the frozen wall to reach -10 ℃ decreases. A refrigerant temperature range of -25 ℃ to -30 ℃ produces optimal results. Furthermore， with increasing frost heave rate and thaw settlement rate， the frost heave displacement and thaw settlement displacement at the ground surface significantly increase.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2025-12-09 17:23:32 ;
[Downloads: 8 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Molecular simulation of thermodynamic characteristics in the adsorption of C₂H₄ and C₂H₂ within coal molecules

ZHENG Dan;XIANG Bin;HONG Lin;GAO Dameng;WU Jiangmin;YANG Jiaoruo;WEI Yafei;ZHAO Huaqiang;

In this study， molecular models of lignite were constructed and subjected to geometry optimization and annealing optimization to achieve stable conformations with lower energies. The optimized lignite molecular models were then placed in a three-dimensional cell， and the adsorption behaviors of C?H? and C?H? were simulated using the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. Simulations were performed over a temperature range of 293.15 K to 333.15 K and a pressure range of 0.1 MPa to 8.0 MPa to analyze the thermodynamic properties of adsorption. The simulation results indicate that the adsorption amounts of C?H? and C?H? increase sharply with rising pressure in the range of 0.1 MPa to 1.5 MPa. However， the growth rate of the adsorption amounts slows significantly between 1.5 MPa and 4.0 MPa. Once the pressure reaches approximately 4.0 MPa or higher， the adsorption amounts tend to saturate， leading to only minimal increases， which remain relatively constant. Regarding the adsorption heat， it exhibited a gradual increase with rising pressure. Within the studied temperature range， the effect of increasing temperature on adsorption heat was minimal， resulting in a decrease of less than 2%. Additionally， the adsorption potential energy decreased progressively with the increase in adsorption amount， with the adsorption potential energy of C?H? being higher than that of C?H?. The entropy of adsorption is negative， indicating a decrease in disorder and chaos within the system during the adsorption process. Furthermore， the absolute value of the adsorption entropy is greater for C?H? compared to C?H?. These microscopic simulation results reveal the adsorption characteristics of the interactions between coal molecules and the gases C?H? and C?H?. This information provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the adsorption behavior of marker gases on relict coal during spontaneous coal combustion and its implications for prediction.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2025-12-09 11:07:46 ;
[Downloads: 45 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Experimental study and dynamic analysis on the explosion limit of hydrogen doped methane mixture gas

PENG Shiyao;LIU Luoqian;LIU Zhenyi;ZHANG Hanwen;CHAI Chong;CUI Shaohua;TIAN Can;XU Dong;

This study employs an integrated experimental-computational approach to evaluate how hydrogen blending alters the explosion characteristics of methane-air mixtures. Experimentally， explosion-limit maps were established in a sealed vessel operated under carefully controlled initial temperature and pressure conditions. Homogeneous CH?–H?–air mixtures with various hydrogen volume fractions were prepared by partial-pressure filling followed by thorough mixing. For each composition， the lower and upper explosion limits were identified through synchronized observations of visible flame propagation and post-test pressure traces. Each test condition was repeated at least three times to ensure statistical reproducibility and consistent limit assignment. Computationally， detailed-chemistry simulations within the CHEMKIN framework quantified the constant-volume adiabatic flame temperature， adiabatic pressure rise， and the time-resolved evolution of the radical pool (·H， ·OH， ·O). Complementary reaction-path and local sensitivity analyses were conducted to isolate rate-controlling steps near the flammability boundaries， thereby linking observed macroscopic limit shifts to the underlying chain-branching kinetics. To benchmark common engineering practice， predictions from Le Chatelier’s mixing rule were compared with both experimental measurements and kinetics-based simulations， with special attention paid to the low-hydrogen regime of practical interest. Results show that the explosion-limit interval broadens systematically with increasing hydrogen fraction. The expansion is modest below approximately 20% H?， where Le Chatelier’s rule remains in close agreement with experiments. However， at higher hydrogen contents， the broadening accelerates in an exponential-like fashion， and the empirical rule increasingly underestimates the expanded limits， underscoring the dominant role of kinetics beyond simple mixture averaging. Notably， simulations indicate only minor changes in adiabatic temperature and adiabatic pressure rise relative to methane-air baselines， yet they reveal substantially elevated concentrations of ·H and ·OH. These increases shorten induction times， intensify chain branching， and help sustain flame propagation—providing a mechanistic foundation for the observed broadening of explosion limits. Overall， the combined dataset delineates the applicability domain of Le Chatelier’s rule and supports kinetics-informed assessments at higher hydrogen fractions， thereby defining safer operating guidelines for hydrogen-enriched natural gas systems.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2025-12-09 09:13:48 ;
[Downloads: 28 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

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Study on the evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology

KUANG Qi-jun~1, MA Pei-ming~(1,2), HU Zheng-yu~1,ZHOU Guang-jie~(1,2)(1 Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; 2 Graduate School, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China)

The present paper aims to introduce the authors' research on the method of evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology. As a matter of fact, with the fast industrialization tendency, lake eutrophication in China is still getting more and more exacerbated for a number of reasons, both human activities and natural factors. Luckily, algae is one of the important organisms in lake eco-system, whose growth is favorable for metabolism and species constitution. In the paper, the authors give a general outline on the application of algae in biologica1 assessment on lake trophic status with detailed information about the indicator of algae in the water bodies of hypertrophication, eutrophication, mesotrophication and olipotrophication. In addition, an example for giving an algal growth potential test, and the corresponding AGP test results. In addition, the authors have also discussed some algal species diversity and synthesis indexes as well as their evaluated standards. In order to figure out the key problems on nutrients excess and algal overgrown in lake eutrophication, a brief introduction about the recent progress on the study of nutrients and algae removal, whose research results about the research field conducted by the authors are also given. In order to protect our lakes against the eutrophication, it is important to draw up a more detailed and functional management rules and regulations on water resources, to strengthen the ecological environment protection of valleys and water areas, and to prohibit strictly the discharge of the wastewater with high concentration of phosphorus and nitrogenous compounds into water bodies.

Issue 02 ,2005 ;
[Downloads: 5,471 ] [Citations: 671 ] [Reads: 151 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Economic growth and its effects on carbon emission in China

WANG Zhong-ying 1,2,WANG Li-mao1(1 Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China)

This paper intends to present the authors' analysis of the relationship between the GDP growth and carbon emission in China today with the correlative analytical method(R2=0.958 1).The authors' conclusion is that the present economic development pattern mainly dependent on the investment and structural expansion of secondary industry has strong impact on the emission increase of greenhouse gas.The investment rate of China exceeds 35%-40% of GDP during the period of 1980 to 2003,which is higher than other countries.As a result,China has brought about tremendous development of its heavy industry with ever increasing consumption of energy resources.Such a consequence,on the one hand,has led to higher proportion of secondary industry to the whole macro-economy(over 50%).On the other hand,its energy consumption has to be dependent heavily on coal(over 60%),which emits large amounts of gases than oil or natural gas.Thus,it will be inevitable to consume more energy and increase the emission of greenhouse gases in future.However,under the background of globalization,our economic growth should depend more on technological improvement,scientific and institutional innovation.With the high efficient use of renewable energy and environment-friendly technology,China can and is sure to make contributions to global efforts to prevent global warming.Therefore,it can be predicted that the carbon emission intensity will gradually slow down with the economic development and the adjustment of its industrial structural system.

Issue 05 ,2006 ;
[Downloads: 5,012 ] [Citations: 509 ] [Reads: 120 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Cd, Zn and Se content of the polished rice samples from some Chinese open markets and their relevance to food safety

ZHEN Yan-hong, CHENG Yan-jun, PAN Gen-xing, LI Lian-qing(Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

This paper is aimed at reporting its investigation over the content of heavy metals in different sorts of rice so far available on the Chinese markets by sampling 91 sorts of rice including 47 of Japonica and 44 of Indica. The motive of our research is closely related to the health hazards due to food exposure for Chinese people. It is well known that rice has been a predominant diet source in our country. The samples of ours have just been randomly chosen from some open markets over China in 2005. Their respective content rates of Cd, Zn and Se are then determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) individually with the mutual relationship among these elements analyzed. The results of our investigation show that about 10% of the samples had a Cd content beyond the State Food Security Standards (0.2 mg·kg-1), while 70% of the above samples is likely to exert potential health hazards due to the exposure of Cd if the RfD ( USEPA, 2000) value is taken as a reference. In addition, the content levels of Zn and Se in the rice samples prove generally rather low, failing to meet the health need regulation through the regular dietary intake. On the other hand, it is found from our research that there indeed exists positive correlation between the content of Cd and that of Zn, as well as between Se content and that of Zn ratio, which indicates a slight accumulation of Zn in relation to Cd and Se. However, on the whole, 90% of the rice samples has a lower Cd/Zn ratio than the critical value of 0.015 proposed by the American standard. In addition, samples with high Cd content may not be necessarily beyond the regular high Cd/Zn ratio. The fact is that the rice samples of Indica may imply much higher Cd and Se content level than that of Japonica, with the former suggesting a far higher Cd exposure hazard than the latter. Therefore, the present research can be used as a valuable reference to further studies for the potential effects of the toxic heavy metal content in rice on the human health as well as their relation to the soil-crop-food security.

Issue 01 ,2008 No.43 ;
[Downloads: 1,815 ] [Citations: 327 ] [Reads: 101 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

TECHNOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF PHYTOREMEDIATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

ZHOU Qi xing & SONG Yu fang (Open Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China)

As a safe and reliable technology for treating contamination of soil, phytoremendiation is explored in the present paper.The roots of special plants and their special rhizospheric effects through releasing natural organic matter to promote the degradation of organic pollutants and stabilization of heavy metals are emphasized.The processes of the degradation of organic pollutants by the plants are illustrated and summarized as the biodegrading processes of rhizospheres,the interactions between roots and leaves and pollutants,the excretive processes of polutants by roots and leaves,the hydroxylating processes of plants and the enzyme oxidation degradation.The relationships between types and concentrations of pollutants and metabolic degradation,action of plant cellular structure are also discussed in the present paper.Some of ecological factors influencing the security and the validity of phytoremediation are disussed.For example,plant roots and their enzyme systems,activity of soil microorganisms,soil types and physiochemical properties and climate conditions.Finally,the view of the application and the developmnt of phytoremediation,and the problems to be solved during the development of phytoremediation are pointed out.

Issue 03 ,2001 ;
[Downloads: 2,026 ] [Citations: 310 ] [Reads: 112 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Common factors leading to accidents and behavior type research based on prevention

FU Gui, LI Xuandong, LI Jun(School of Resources and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

This paper is focused on the study of the accidental common causes leading to accidents and the corresponding accident prevention strategy. At the very beginning of this paper, the authors introduces a few basic principles for safety science proposed by Heinrich and other safety scientists, (i.e.,) all the accidents have their own leading factors, which may be either the unsafe conditions or unsafe behaviors or the both. And the frequency of the accidents changes with its severity within an “accident triangle”. The first aim of this paper is to find all the common factors leading to the accidents. According to the basic principles, the author has categorized analytically and statistically all the factors discovered into 10 major classes as to the gas explosion accidents that have occurred in China's mines during 20002001. Then, we conclude that worker's unsafe working habits have been the main cause for the accidents. Then the authors examined a medical accident that was caused by spoiling children and a severe food poisoning involving 367 students, and the other two accidents caused due to the lack of safety knowledge and safety awareness. Based on the above statistics, the authors summarized all the common factors leading to the various accidents, which can be sequentially ordered as unsafe habit, lack of safety knowledge and safety awareness. Among the three, unsafe condition or unsafe behavior can be put together as one, with the other two being different by nature. As to the second aim of this paper, the author categorized a 3-level factor, that is, the safety management frame, the safety climate survey, and the behavior-based safety programs in the across-industry accident prevention map. And finally, the authors introduced some leading edge progress of the key elements in the prevention map in practical cases, such as Wilton-Olefines case and DuPont case for reader's information. The most important conclusion of this paper is that all the accidents share common factors. To fight against all the accidents, a common prevention strategy (map) can be developed with the key elements of the map developed and supplied by reference to that popularly used in some European and North American countries.

Issue 01 ,2005 ;
[Downloads: 2,279 ] [Citations: 298 ] [Reads: 119 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

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Summary of research on account of carbon emission in building industry and analysis of its influential factors

LI Xiao-dong;ZHU Chen;

This paper is aimed at making a review of the recent research situation in-situ on the carbon emission( CE) account and analysis of the influential factors( IFs) through summing up the applications and relevant analysis methods. And,then,a brief review has to be made on the research status and trends of the aforementioned aspects in the field of building industry so as to provide references for further studies on the energy conservation and carbon emission reduction. To achieve the above mentioned purposes,the paper of ours has briefly introduced 3 general methods of CE accounting especially by highlighting the accounting manner of the single building CE and macro-building embodiment and operational CE. The CE accounting method for the individual building evaluation should be mainly done on the basis of the framework of the life cycle assessment,e. g. BEES,ENVEST and BEPAS. And,in regard to the macroscopic features,it would be possible for us to classify or categorize the accounting ideas of building embodiment and operational CE into methods of top-down approach and bottom-up one with their differences being illustrated. The bottom-up approach seems to be more detailed,visible as well as accurate or precise,yet,it is more complex and complicated to fulfil their calculations and acquire a lot of data investigations. On the contrary,the topdown approach just goes opposite by nature. In terms of CE-IFs analysis,there can be found 3 main types of methods( i. e.IPAT series model,index decomposition analysis and the structural decomposition analysis). And,we have also illustrated and elaborated their advantages,disadvantages as well as the application procedures in addition to a vivid comparison. Focusing on the building of CE IFs,we have also summarized a few key issues in this way:( 1) The research scopes can be mainly focused on the CE/IFs of the building industry or the building operations;( 2) The model of IPAT series has been widely adopted in combination with LMDI;( 3) The key IFs are mainly related to the society,economics and building operations. Thus,in final analysis,the paper has mainly illustrated the drawbacks of the current studies and presented prospects for their further research in 3 aspects: building CE accounting scope, the accounting methodologies and perspectives of IFs analysis.

Issue 01 ,2020 v.20;No.115 ;
[Downloads: 6,432 ] [Citations: 156 ] [Reads: 114 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

LIGHT POLLUTION AND PREVENTION COUNTERMEASURES

WANG Ya-jun (State Key Lab of Prevention and Control of Explosion Disasters, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

The present paper aims to introduce the problem of light pollution. Light pollution is a new kind of environmental pollution, with the development of industrialization and civilization. It could be classified into three types, white light pollution, artificial daylight, and colorful light pollution. Light pollution is harmful to people's health, and it could disrupt ecology, increase the traffic accident, disturb the astronomical observation, bring much trouble to people's life, and waster energy. It is necessary to take measures to prevent the problems caused by light pollution. To build relative laws and regulations, to strengthen constructive layout and management are the good solutions and suggestions.

Issue 01 ,2004 ;
[Downloads: 5,738 ] [Citations: 67 ] [Reads: 79 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Study on the evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology

Issue 02 ,2005 ;
[Downloads: 5,471 ] [Citations: 671 ] [Reads: 151 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Economic growth and its effects on carbon emission in China

Issue 05 ,2006 ;
[Downloads: 5,012 ] [Citations: 509 ] [Reads: 120 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Characteristics and mechanism of road traffic accidents

GAO Yinan;GONG Jianqiang;

To study the characteristics and mechanism of road traffic accidents, the cause, form, time, perpetrator, motor vehicle, casualties, and other characteristics were analyzed based on the data of 1.09 million road traffic accidents in 2015-2019, and then causative factors of road traffic accidents were abstracted. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL) method was used to calculate the correlation of complex system, and the influence degree, affected degree, cause degree, and center degree of causative factors were calculated to determine the impact of each causative factor on the formation of road traffic accidents. A hierarchical structure diagram of causing factors of road traffic accidents was established. The mechanism and essential causative factors of road traffic accidents were obtained theoretically. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and causes of road traffic accidents, suggestions on road traffic safety management in line with national conditions were proposed. 86.29% of the accidents were caused by motor vehicle violations. Among them, failure to give way according to regulations was the main reason, illegal loading was a high-risk factor, and speeding accidents were frequent and harmful. 70.21% of the accidents were multi-vehicle accidents. Side impact was a high-frequency accident form, and falling and rolling were high-risk accident forms. 17:00-19:59 was the accident-prone period. 3:00-5:59 was the period of high injury accidents. Accidents caused by production and operation vehicles were accompanied by high hazards, among which tourism passenger transport, transport of dangerous chemicals, and general freight transport caused the highest degree of damage. Pedestrians were more vulnerable to fatal injuries and men were more likely to be injured than women in accidents. 77.38% of the fatal causes of accidents were brain injuries. 3.63% of the motor vehicles involved in accidents had mechanical failures, the probability of poor braking was the highest, and the danger of excessive tire wear was the greatest. The analysis results of the mechanism show that speeding, overloaded transportation, insufficient technology or lagging standards and regulations are the essential factors. These factors can be used as key points to reduce accident risk.

Issue 11 ,2023 v.23 ;
[Downloads: 4,981 ] [Citations: 105 ] [Reads: 112 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

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Journal of Safety and Environment

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Rapid assessment of seismic resilience in substation systems using machine learning

Research on the combined application of text mining and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in risk assessment

Study on the evolution of coal mine gas explosion risk from the perspective of safety information loss

Impact of H_2S on the adsorption of CH₄, CO₂, and N₂ in gas-fat coal

Engineering application study of CO_2-N₂ composite inert gas for prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion in goaf

Immersive VR visualization of urban building explosion accident consequences

Research of three-wavelength fire smoke detection based on extinction coefficient ratio

Analysis of temperature and displacement field evolution during the freezing method construction for interbedded silt connecting passages

Molecular simulation of thermodynamic characteristics in the adsorption of C₂H₄ and C₂H₂ within coal molecules

Experimental study and dynamic analysis on the explosion limit of hydrogen doped methane mixture gas

Study on the evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology

Economic growth and its effects on carbon emission in China

Cd, Zn and Se content of the polished rice samples from some Chinese open markets and their relevance to food safety

TECHNOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF PHYTOREMEDIATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

Common factors leading to accidents and behavior type research based on prevention

Summary of research on account of carbon emission in building industry and analysis of its influential factors

LIGHT POLLUTION AND PREVENTION COUNTERMEASURES

Study on the evaluation and treatment of lake eutrophication by means of algae biology

Economic growth and its effects on carbon emission in China

Characteristics and mechanism of road traffic accidents

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