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Existing research on facial fatigue detection predominantly relies on two-dimensional image-based visual cues， leaving the systematic analysis of three-dimensional (3D) facial geometric structures largely unaddressed in this field. Furthermore， few studies have focused on the moderating effects of individual circadian rhythm variations on manifestations of fatigue. This experimental study induced acute fatigue through a controlled sleep restriction protocol. We successfully employed advanced photometric stereo vision technology to collect static 3D facial morphological data from sixty healthy participants with distinct chronotypes under both normal and sleep-restricted conditions. Focusing on three fatigue-susceptible regions—the tear trough， nasolabial fold， and oral commissure pouch—we constructed four independent micro-geometric 3D facial feature indicators for the first time: mean curvature (H)， Gaussian curvature (K)， mean included angle (A)， and divergence (D). The standard Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) was simultaneously utilized to validate the mathematical correlations between these objective geometric indicators and subjective drowsiness scores. The final experimental results clearly demonstrated that sleep restriction triggered distinct geometric shifts in 3D facial morphology. Under acute fatigue conditions， the micro-geometric parameters H， A， and D increased significantly， whereas K showed a significant decrease. Regionally， the nasolabial fold area exhibited the highest statistical sensitivity to morphological fatigue accumulation， while the oral commissure pouch displayed the lowest responsiveness. Notably， a highly significant interaction effect was identified between individual chronotype and fatigue state; the overall variation amplitude of 3D facial morphology in evening-type individuals was significantly greater than that observed in morning-type and intermediate-type individuals. This research establishes an objective， quantifiable， and rhythm-differentiated approach for assessing 3D geometric features to identify individual fatigue risk among populations with diverse circadian phenotypes. The final statistical significance value (p) is less than 0.01.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2026.0581
China Classification Code:V328;R740
Citation Information:
[1]Li Jingqiang,Tang Yilan.Three-dimensional facial fatigue characteristics of individuals with different chronotypes under sleep restriction[J].Journal of Safety and Environment().DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2026.0581.
Fund Information:
国家自然科学基金项目（U1933122）; 民航安全能力建设项目（ASSA2023/20）
2026-08-19
2026-08-19
2026-08-19