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This study establishes a comprehensive ecological risk assessment framework for Potentially Toxic Elements(PTEs) in industrial parks by integrating plant leaf bioindicators. It addresses existing knowledge gaps in evaluating multi-media migration pathways, including root uptake and foliar absorption, as well as multi-source pollution in complex industrial environments. Three common shrub species—Buxus megistophylla, Pittosporum tobira, and Photinia serrulata—were selected as bioindicators. To ensure consistency in environmental exposure conditions, synchronous sampling of leaves and 0-20 cm soil samples was conducted around the plants at each of the 28 sampling points. Concentrations of Cd, As, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS). The Bioconcentration Factor(BCF) and Capture Rate(CR) were utilized to assess root uptake and foliar absorption. Ecological risk was evaluated using Håkanson's potential ecological Risk Index(RI). Source apportionment and contribution quantification were performed through Principal Component Analysis-Multiple Linear Regression(PCA-MLR). Results indicated that the average RI of soil PTEs was 115.86, suggesting a moderate overall ecological risk. Cd emerged as the predominant high-risk element, with an average single ecological risk index(E) of 72.42, categorized as moderate risk. Among all 28 sampling points, five exhibited a strong-risk status while three reached very strong-risk levels for this element. Arsenic was identified as the secondary high-risk element, with several samples exceeding the Class Ⅱ land screening value set forth in GB 36600—2018 of China(60 mg/kg). PCA-MLR revealed four sources: Alloy Manufacturing(AM; 44.0% RI contribution), Chemical Industry(CHEM; 30.0%), Thermal Power Generation(TPP; 15.0%), and Traffic(TP; 11.0%). AM and CHEM collectively contributed 74% to the RI, with Cd being the primary emitted element from these sources. Arsenic was chiefly associated with TPP emissions. Notably, thermal power generation and traffic sources contributed more significantly to the total PTEs in soil compared to those in leaves. Pittosporum tobira demonstrated efficient soil Cd bioaccumulation capacity, with a maximum bioconcentration factor reaching 6.42. Moreover, arsenic showed substantial retention of particulate matter-bound PTEs, with an average foliar capture rate of 57%. This indicates that atmospheric particulate matter capture and subsequent absorption are critical exposure pathways for this contaminant. For targeted remediation, Pittosporum tobira is recommended for planting adjacent to AM/CHEM facilities to facilitate the removal of soil Cd through periodic pruning of aboveground biomass. A mixed-shrub configuration, incorporating all three species, is advised throughout the park, particularly downwind of the thermal power plant, to mitigate atmospheric arsenic exposure risks via synergistic particulate matter capture. This study integrates pollution source identification, quantification of bioaccumulation and capture traits, and optimized species selection, thereby providing scientific support for precision management of PTE contamination in industrial parks.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2025.1369
China Classification Code:X826
Citation Information:
[1]Zhou Meichun,Peng Qian,Ge Jiali ,et al.Ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in industrial parks by integrating plant leaf bioindicators[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2026,26(08):3310-3321.DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2025.1369.
Fund Information:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3707700); 江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目(1020241696)
2026-08-19
2026-08-19