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针对畜禽养殖废水中铜锌复合重金属污染问题，研究开发了一种高效稳定的人工湿地基质材料。利用共沉淀法制备纳米FeO/Fe2O_3-生物炭改性沸石基质，并通过试验优化材料配比与投加量。结果显示，当生物炭与沸石质量比为1∶2时，该复合材料对初始质量浓度均为5 mg/L的铜和锌的去除率分别达到94%和100%,显著优于单一的纳米FeO/Fe2O3或生物炭材料。机理分析表明，材料表面羟基基团通过配位作用与铜、锌结合形成金属氢氧化物。同时，部分Fe2+在氧化过程中产生OH-,与Cu2+、Zn2+形成碱沉淀，部分Fe2+反应生成铁(氢)氧化物，与Cu2+、Zn2+形成共沉淀。三者协同作用可实现对复合重金属的高效去除。研究为人工湿地基质改性提供了新策略，为畜禽养殖废水中复合重金属的高效处理提供了理论依据。
Abstract：This study aims to develop an efficient and stable substrate material for artificial wetlands to treat copper-zinc composite heavy metal pollution in livestock wastewater. A nanoscale FeO/Fe2O_3-biochar-modified zeolite(FeC/Z-1:2) was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The structural characteristics of the material were analyzed through SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS. The preparation process involved mixing zeolite granules with biochar powder in a 1 mol/L solution, followed by 1 h of ultrasonication. The pH of the mixture is adjusted to approximately 7 using aqueous ammonia while stirring at 350 r/min. The slurry is then aged at room temperature for 24 hours before being dried at 60 ℃. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various carrier types, substrate ratios, and dosages on the removal of Cu and Zn. Results showed that zeolite particles outperformed other carriers in removing Cu and Zn, attributed to their smaller particle size and larger specific surface area. When the biochar-to-zeolite ratio was set at 1:2, the removal efficiencies for Cu2+ and Zn2+ at a concentration of 5 mg/L reached 94% and 100%, respectively. This performance was significantly superior to that achieved with nano-FeO/Fe2O3 or biochar alone. However, an excessive amount of biochar can hinder the exposure of active sites on nano-FeO/Fe2O3, leading to decreased removal rates. The optimal dosage of FeC/Z-1:2 for maximum Cu and Zn removal was determined to be 5 g. Mechanistic studies indicated that, firstly, the hydroxyl groups on the material's surface coordinate with metal ions to form metal hydroxide precipitates. Secondly, as the reaction progresses, Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe3+ and co-precipitates with heavy metal ions. These two processes synergistically contributed to the efficient removal of composite heavy metal pollution. Desorption experiments demonstrated that the material retains over 99.8% of heavy metals, indicating high environmental stability. This research offers new insights into the modification of artificial wetland substrates and presents a promising solution for addressing composite heavy metal pollution in livestock wastewater.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2024.2227
China Classification Code:X713
Citation Information:
[1]董双石,张守森,姜晶晶等.改性沸石强化人工湿地对复合重金属协同去除机制研究[J].安全与环境学报,2025,25(08):2896-2906.DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2024.2227.
Fund Information:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3207704); 国家自然科学基金项目(52300088); 吉林省科技发展计划项目(20230402035GH); 吉林大学优秀青年培育计划项目(45124031D066)