被引排行
Review of treatment and comprehensive utilization of electroplating sludge
WU Bao--ming;ZHAO Hao;ZHANG Yu--feng;XU Yan--hua Life Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China College of Urban Construction and Safety & Environmental Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009,ChinaThe present paper aims to introduce the formation and harmfulness of electroplating sludge, and the main technologies concerning its treatment and comprehensive utilization. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are discussed. It is suggested that recovery of heavy metals, optimization of the traditional solidification technologies, development of new techniques of chemical reagent stabilization, and establishment of special factories should be the direction of the treatment and comprehensive utilization of electroplating sludge in our country.
Study on the inhibitive tendency of the unsafe behavior inclination of the employees in the BBS management and control system
TIAN Yi-ming;CHEN Xue-bo;SUN Qiu-bai;The present paper is concerned about the study of the inhibitive tendency of the unsafe behavior inclination of the employees in the BBS management and control system. As is known,the influential factors that contribute to the emergency of the employee's unsafe behavior can be various,yet,they are predictable. In addition,much of the previous studies in this area has been done on the basis of traditional methods,such as the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory( DEMATEL),as well as the factor analysis. In this paper,we prefer to resort to the emerging theory to identifying the underlying principle or principles that dominate such unsafe behaviors and the dominant factors leading to such unsafe behaviors. Specifically speaking,it is believed that the principles of the complexity science can help to understand the nature of such behaviors. For example,the science survey may include such aspects as the manager,the employee,the organization and the actual working environment.To make a successful analysis of the given topic,we have established a CGP model based on the analysis of the unsafe behaviors of the employee's as a kind of emergence phenomena in the complex system. In proceeding with our analysis,we have adopted a computer software named Netlogo,which indicates that the manager,the employee,the organization and the environment may all have an impact on the emergence trends of employee's unsafe behaviors. By changing the factors,such as the environment atmosphere,the leadership conscientiousness,the personnel intelligence and sense of responsibility,different results can be gained by using the CGP model. What is more important,the model is in a position to highlight the importance of management capabilities and the group norms as the direct and indirect predictors of employee's unsafe behavior. The results of our analysis of investigation results show that the employee's unsafe behavior has been influenced by a multiplicity of factors,for instance,the safety management capabilities of the managers or the management,the employee's safety awareness,the working environment,the safety awareness of the institutional organization,all of which may directly or indirectly affect the occurrence rate and the trends of the unsafe behaviors among the employees,though there may be somewhat difference among the factors in the onset effect,the seriousness of the effects,or consequences. The results of our investigation suggest that important organizational factors,in addition to the capabilities of the manager( s) and employee's safety awareness,are likely to be overlooked when identifying the causes of the unsafe behaviors. Therefore,in carrying out a specific safety management program or measures,special attention has to be paid to the enterprise leaders or the administrative side to the factors which are potential to make tremendous improvement of the employee's safety behavior awareness. It is only by taking such forceful measures and actions that can help to promote and change the employee's awareness of the safety behavior. Thus,this paper is intended to promote the management level in running the enterprise safety and efficiency.
Study on the origin of the goaf airleakage with the gob-side entry retaining under the gas drainage
YU Ming-gao;LI Long-fei;CHU Ting-xiang;XU Yong-li-ang;The present study is concerned with the air leakage that may influence the coal spontaneous combustion. As is known,the study on the original source of the air leakage plays an important role in the fire prevention of the working face in a coal mine. Based on the study of the gas extraction in the goaf and the problem of upper strata fracture development that may affect the goaf air leakage,we have done a research on the gob-side entry retaining of full-mechanized caving mining face by taking Shaqu coal mine as a case study sample. For the aforementioned research purpose,we have worked out the height of the goaf fracture by selecting the empirical formulas based on the study of the coal petrology characteristics of the goaf,and analyzed the upper strata fracture development of the gob side entry retaining so as to find the gas concentration in which the drainage system of the gob-side enter retaining and high-level boreholes. Based on the above measured parameters,we have analyzed the changing situation of the airflow field in the goaf under the gas drainage through simulation. The results of our simulated study can be stated in the following way:( 1) The range of the height of the air leakage channel has been found between 27. 2- 37. 2 m with the upper strata fracture of the goaf being the air leakage channel.( 2) As a result of continuous observation of the gas concentration in the drainage pipeline in the goaf,we have found that the oxygen concentration in the goaf along gob-side entry should be over 10% in the range of 100 m retaining with the flow of air leakage being verified.( 3) The simulation results also show that the oxygen concentration has been higher than 10% with the gob entry going on to exist in the goaf in accordance with the law of energy and mass conservation. Thus,the simulation results prove to be almost consistent with the measured data. And,in conclusion,we can say that the main causes leading to the formation of the air leakage passage is the gob-side entry retaining arrangement and the development of the upper strata fracture. Therefore,what we have developed can be of specific guiding significance for preventing and controlling the spontaneous combustion of the coal seam in the goaf for the similar conditions.
On the fire risk assessment for the ancient buildings based on the matter element analysis
YOU Wen-jiao;XU Zhi-sheng;LIU Ding-li;Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology,Central South University;The article is intended to present its study results on the fire risk assessment for ancient buildings. In hoping to display the dominant results and the recessive results of our assessment,we have chosen a method known as matter element based analysis by way of an event tree. Based on the event tree analysis,51 indicators have been selected from 6 aspects,those are fire protection features of the building,building environment,fire equipment,evacuation equipment,fire safety management as well as the external aid around the buildings,and they all comprise the assessment system. Secondly,we have built up a matter element model in correspondence with the assessment method,which is fit for dealing with the incompatible relationship of indicators at all levels. All measures having been made ready,the time would come for us to conduct the detailed investigation for the fire risk assessment for the famous town in focus on the basis of the local government control and management status-in-situ actuality.Stressed on the actual situation,we began to apply the score of indicators to the investigation process and calculate the results in accordance with the matter-element model. As a result,we have discovered the correlation coefficient of the whole building,which should be equal to-0. 248,suggesting that the dominant result tends to be at a level of being"good"though the recessive result has been found below the said "good"level. Thus,it would follow from the prediction that,if great measures can be taken,it will soon come back to the original level,because there exist four indicators scored in "good"levels,respectively,whose correlation coefficients can be illustrated as-0. 129,-0. 183,-0. 211,-0. 216. And,of the four correlated coefficients,two indicators should be scored as "poor " level,equal to 0. 025,-0. 016,respectively. It is just for the said analysis of the potential significance of the above values that,the closer the correlation coefficient tends to be to zero,the greater the potential improvement possibility will be. Thus,it can be concluded that the evaluation model based on the matter element analysis can not only be in a position to predict the building fire risk level more accurately,but also can forecast the trend of fire development at an overall level. Therefore,what the article has done can be expected to provide a reference to the assessment of the ancient buildings in a rather rational and scientific way.
Analysis for the spatial correlation and the impact of the newly urbanized trend on the regional eco-environment quality
HE Gang;YANG Jing-wen;BAO Ke-yu;ZHOU Qing-ting;Cherishing the prosperous and sustainable eco-economic development of the Huaihe River economic belt,the present paper tries to make an exploration of the spatial influence of new urbanization on the regional ecological environment quality.For the said purpose,the paper has first of all built up a relationship between the new urbanization trend and the eco-environment status-in-situ via the so-called STRIPAT model. And,next,the newly formulated urbanization level and the ecological environment quality of the belt has been tested and measured with the comprehensive index method. And,what is more,the Global Moran index and the local Getis-Ord G*iindex have been taken to analyze the spatial autocorrelation between the novelty urbanization level and the eco-environment quality. Thus,we have eventually created the Spatial Dubin Model to explore the spatial effect of the influential factors on the eco-environment quality more profoundly. The results of the above situation indicate that:( 1) The spatial distribution of the new urbanization level and the ecological environment quality turn out to be disproportionally unbalanced in the Huaihe River economic belt,though there indeed exist somewhat positive spatial correlation situation between the 2 sides. For instance,for the ten years' period from 2008 to 2017,the spatial distribution pattern of the new urbanization level has been remaining unchanged. Such a situation simply indicate that the spatial distribution pattern remains to be"high-value agglomeration in the northeast of the city and low-level agglomeration in the southwest". The spatial distribution of the eco-environment quality remains in a great gap. For example,in the ten years,the movement trajectory of the hot spots remains in the northeast to the southeast and then to the east,whereas the cold spots remain closed up in the west.( 2)The assessment results of the spatial spillover effect demonstrate that the newly urbanized areas indeed have positive spillover effect on the eco-environment quality. Nevertheless,the level of newly urbanized areas can not only be conducive to the optimization of quality of the internal eco-environment,but also in turn offer somewhat spatially interactive effect on the nearby surrounding cities; And,( 3) The spatial effect of each control variable on the ecological environment does not prove to be the same. The industrial structure of a city may have a positive effect on its neighboring cities not only in its own ecological environment quality,but also on the degree of its economic prosperity and open-to-the-outside style on its brother neighbors,which can not only be positive but also be negative from the point of view of the ecological environment quality between the regions,but also on the environmental protection in the eco-environment quality inside the same regions.
Approach to application prospects of algal biotechnology in protection of water environment
KUANG Qi-jun;HU Zheng-yu;ZHAO Xian-fu;MA Pei-ming;CHEN Shan Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China Graduate School, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, ChinaAlgae, as a primary producer, play a very important role in metabolizing and energy following on keeping aquatic ecosystem balance. Heretofore, algal biotechnology has been extensively studied and applied in ecological toxicology of water pollution and in biological purification of wastewater. This paper gives a brief introduction about the research results on the investigated field. The early reported data showed that heavy metals, pesticides, organic pollutants and others had all toxic effect on algae growth, on enzyme activity, on algal cell form and inclusion. The toxicity order of some bivalent heavy metals on algae was Hg2+>Cd2+>Cu2+>Ni2+>Zn2+. Phenols, esters and aromatics had very serious effects on algal growth. Effected degree of pesticides on algae was dependent on its chemical structure and characteristics, on algal individual behavior and their environmental conditions. The photosynthesis, respiration and azotification of algae were restricted by the structure and function of their biological membrane destroyed. It was reported that the amount of sunlight, algal biomass, algal burning specific heat, and the retention time of sewage in treatment system, are the key factors to insure the efficiency on wastewater treatment by algal biotechnology. Algae are the regeneration and medicine resource. It is very important to pay attention to probe the technique of algal mass culture and to develop the application areas of algal biotechnology in the future.
Influential factors and kinetics of antinomy ion treatment by ways of flocculation and precipitation
ZHANG Yan1,2,PANG Zhi-hua1,LEI Yu-tao1,WANG Zhen-xing1,LIU Yong1(1 South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Guangzhou 510655,China;2 Petroleum Institute of Chemical,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)The present paper is to introduce our treating results over the influential factors and kinetics of antinomy ion by ways of flocculation and precipitation.For our research purpose,we have made analysis and discussion over the poly ferric sulphate effects on the antimonial sewage.In addition,we have also done tests of the effects of the pH value,the initial concentration,the setting time,the dosage of lime milk and temperature on the removing rate.The results of our research indicate that pH value has a significant effect on removing the antimony ions in addition to the favorable effect of the alkaline condition on the treatment.We have found that the removal rate can be made as high as 96.81% in the high pH region(pH 9.0).However,the removing rate proves to decrease with the increase of the initial concentration on the condition that the dosage of PFS and the lime milk remain unchanged.Besides,the setting time tends to have a particular effect on the removal efficiency of the antimony ions,with the prolonging of the setting time.Moreover,when the antinomy ions tend to settle down almost totally when the setting time comes up to 90 minutes.Lime is also known to be easy to accommodate to the pH value of the sewage due to its superior quality and expensive price,though too much lime may lead to over sediment,thus making the secondary processing difficult.Such a situation can be avoided by adding NaOH and HCl so as to control the pH value of sewage first,followed by adding quantificational lime to it.As for the initial concentration of sewage with the antimony ions of 5 mg/L,it would be possible to make the removal rate as high as 98.00% on the condition that the dosage of lime milk and PFS went up to 500 mg/L respectively.Though it is possible to find a slight fluctuation of the removal rate along with the changes of temperature at low initial concentrations,the removal rate tends to rise with the increase of temperature at high initial concentrations.Moreover,in the course of such applications,it is also possible to prove the influence of poly ferric sulphate on the antimonial sewage in conformity with the secondary dynamics equation.Thus,PFS has been found to be a kind of highly efficient material with low secondary contamination for disposing the antimonial sewage,which will be highly promising for future application.
Spatial analysis and pollution assessment of heavy metals in the soils of Tongling urban area based on IDW
WANG Chun-guang;LIU Jun-xing;YIN Xian-yang;WU Yi-li;WANG Lei;TANG Shi-jie;JIA Han;Geological Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau;The paper intends to study the spatial distribution characteristics and pollution status-in-situ of heavy metals in the soil of Tongling urban area( Anhui). For this purpose,we have collected 370 soil samples from the said area. The soil samples have been made identified and determined by using 4 acid digestion system( HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4) and analyzed and discriminated as As,Hg,Pb,Cu and Zn,the 5 heavy metal elements in the soil,which have been verified via the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry( ICP-AES). Further analysis of the heavy metal content with the inverse distance weighting method( IDW) has enabled us to work out the actual pollution degree by means of the nemero index method. On the other hand,the Inverse Distance Weighting( IDW) spatial interpolation can help to convert the discrete data into continuous data groups,which can directly and accurately reflect the spatial distribution of the heavy metals under study. Thus,the results we have gained through the aforementioned analysis indicate that the average content rates of As,Hg,Pb,Cu and Zn in the soil should be equal to 95. 30 mg/kg,0. 087 mg/kg,142. 0 mg/kg,218. 2 mg/kg and 311. 0 mg/kg,respectively. Among them,the content rates of As,Pb,Cu and Zn prove to be higher than the background data in Tongling area except for Hg. That is to say,the content rates of As,Cu and Zn prove to be higher. More acccurately speaking,the percentages exceeding Grade Ⅲ of the Environment Quality Standard for Soils"( GB 15618—1995) have been found equal to 48. 11%,11. 35% and 11. 08%,respectively. And,the pollution degree of Cu in the soil of the area under invesitgation,is also heavy,though the pollution degree of Zn can be said moderate,with Pb being mildly polluted and Hg non-polluted.The seriously polluted area with heavy metals in the soil turns out to be consistent with the spatial distribution features of the polluted area,mainly distributed in Xinqiao pyrite,Dongguashan copper mine and Tongguanshan copper mine. Thus,the comprehensive pollution evaluation index should be equal to 8. 621,that is,a dangerous state of heavy pollution,with the serious contamination covering almost the entire area. Thus,it can be seen that,the above analysis of the pollution situation tends to remind us of harmful effect of the mineral exploitation activities,which has become the source of human environment pollution. Therefore,it is of great urgency to strengthen the ecological protection and restoration of the regular mining environment.
A simulated study on the ventilation effect of the heading face based on PMV index
LONG Teng-teng1,2,ZHOU Ke-ping1,2,CHEN Qing-fa1,2,3,LI Jie-lin1,2(1 School of Resources & Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China; 2 Hunan Key Lab of Mineral Resources Exploitation and Hazard Control for Deep Metal Mines,Changsha 410083,China; 3 College of Resources and Environment,Guangxi University,Nanning 510004,China)The present paper is to report the results of our simulated study on the ventilation effect of the heading face based on PMV index. As is known,high-temperature and high-humidity have been becoming a serious problem affecting the safety of deep mine production,which calls for better air ventilation and reduced temperature. In answering to this urgent need,the present author carefully studies the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) theory and taking an excavation road as object and set up the turbulence model and calculation boundary conditions,and as a result,has produced this simulated ventilation effect formula. In our opinion,the key problem to be solved is the distribution field of forced ventilation and exhaust ventilation. To solve the above problem,the idea of predicted mean vote (PMV) field has been put forward,along with the simulated calculation of the distribution of the velocity field and temperature field. The results of our numerical simulation shows that forced ventilation is expected to overcome the defects of flow inordinate in exhaust ventilation while distribution field of velocity is in accord with the restrained wall-attached jet discipline. The maximum temperature gradient of the different heights in the same section is no more than 3 ℃,whereas the mean value of PMV is 0.49. Since the range of PMV value -0.70.7 belongs to that of comfortable sensation,it can be expected to better meet the demand of the human thermal comfort. Thus,the simulation result can serve as a reference when choosing a suitable ventilation method of high temperature heading face.
Simulation research on the effects of precipitation on the nuclide migration in the groundwater of the uranium tailings impoundment
WU Xiao-yan,XIONG Zheng-wei,PENG Xiao-yong,YANG Bo-hao,ZOU Xiao-liang(School of Urban Construction,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan,China)The paper is to discover the regularity of the transmission and diffusion of the radionuclide in the groundwater near uranium mining tailings impoundment.Due to its strong migration ability and long half-decay period,the radioactivity of the uranium nuclide has become a hot subject in the nuclear science research.The present paper has taken a large uranium tailings impoundment in South China as the case study by adopting MODFLOW module and MT3D module in the Groundwater Modeling System(GMS) to the flowing simulation and fluid transmission simulation,respectively.Seeing the noticeable seasonal precipitation changes in the research spots(mainly in the 3-6 months every year),we have been conducting our simulation activities in uranium transmission and diffusion in dry seasons and rainy seasons respectively in hoping to work out a survey map of the water level and uranium concentration isoline in the groundwater around the uranium tailing impoundment under different precipitation conditions. In the simulation activities,the migration period of ours lasts 120 days with all the models.According to the different precipitation conditions in the research spot,we have set up four different kinds of infiltration rate and infiltration concentrations.And we have found that,when the infiltration rate is 0.000 8 and the infiltration concentration is 5 mg/L,the migration velocity of uranium in the groundwater would be equal to 11.4 times as compeered with the infiltration rate of 0.000 4 and the infiltration concentration of 0.705 mg/L.This shows that the precipitation tends to exert a great influence on the transportation and diffusion of the uranium in the groundwater of the uranium mining tailings impoundment.And,both the infiltration rate and the infiltration concentration influence the migration of the uranium obviously,and,moreover,the influence of the latter seems much greater than the former.In addition,we have found that the migration velocity of uranium in dry seasons proves 11.4 times stronger than that of the rain seasons.Therefore,it can be concluded that the flood control and drainage is of great importance for controlling the transportation and diffusion of theuranium radioactivity in the groundwater near the uranium tailings impoundment.