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A biomass adsorbent was developed from Bidens pilosa for capturing airborne PM10. The material was modified using potassium chloride in combination with neutral protease， and the preparation process was optimized through a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation-combination design， resulting in a reliable regression model and optimal treatment conditions. The influence of particle size， adsorbent dosage， temperature， relative humidity， initial PM10 concentration， and contact time on adsorption performance was systematically examined. Furthermore， the adsorption isotherm， kinetics， and thermodynamic behavior were characterized. The structure and surface properties of the samples were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)， elemental analysis， specific surface area measurement (BET) surface area measurement， and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results indicated that with a neutral protease concentration of 0.2 mg/mL， a KCl concentration of 0.1 mol/L， and a KCl soaking time of 21.5 min， the maximum removal rate (Ymax) reached 18.05%. Optimal environmental conditions were identified as follows: particle size of 380 μm， adsorbent dosage of 2 g， temperature at 24 °C， relative humidity of 35%， initial PM10 concentration of 500 μg/m3， and an adsorption time of 50 minutes. The adsorption process was determined to be a mixed physicochemical mechanism dominated by chemisorption， involving multilayer binding on heterogeneous surface sites. This process was both spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided better fits to the experimental data compared to the Langmuir and pseudo-first-order models， further confirming the multilayer and chemisorption-dominated mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters—ΔG < 0， ΔH > 0， and ΔS > 0—consistently supported the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The surface of the modified Bidens pilosa was rich in hydroxyl (-OH) groups， greatly facilitating PM10 adsorption. The PM10 removal efficiency of the modified Bidens pilosa was significantly higher than that of other tested materials at the 1% significance level， ranking as follows: modified Bidens pilosa outperformed activated carbon， bamboo charcoal， diatomite， macroporous resin， and raw Bidens pilosa in descending order. Even after eight regeneration cycles， the modified Bidens pilosa retained strong adsorption capacity， indicating its excellent reusability and practical potential for sustained PM10 control.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2026.0322
China Classification Code:TQ424;X513
Citation Information:
[1]Chen Li,Dai Zhirong,Xiong Xiaoming ,et al.Preparation of Bidens Pilosa-based adsorbent and its adsorption mechanism for PM_(10)[J].Journal of Safety and Environment().DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2026.0322.
Fund Information:
教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目（22YJA790006）; 山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目（2023–166）; 运城市1331旅游管理重点学科课题（202507）; 山西科技学院科研启动经费项目（2024020）
2026-08-10
2026-08-10
2026-08-10